Current carring capacity of copper bus bar

It depends on the size of the bar. The web has this info posted and you can probably find the formula for calculating this as well while searching.

In general it depende from the bus bar manufacturer catalogue, which is specified based on the bus bar working tempereture, number of parallel bars, the alloy components ... ets. For gereal purpose, a a guidance you can take 2 Amper per mm squere.

Physical Design Considerations

Yes, as suggested, look online for this via search.

Use a string like

[url]http://www.google.ca/search?hl=en&q=%22copper+bus+bars%22+%2B%22current+rating%22+&btnG=Google+Search&meta=[/url]

That will give you some hits. You can choose from those hits what fits your situation

Bus bars can be in open air or enclosed and there will be an allowed rise in temperature in the specs, and for endurance over time, they may require extra capacity to start. A wrapped bar will get hotter at the same current than a bare bar, as the insulation stops heat losses.

A round figure for power distribution is 10 amps per mm2 for copper.

It is a balancing act between heat dissipation + volts-drop (when under-sized) and space (size) + cost (when over-sized).

Whatever the current rating, closely spaced bus-bars need suitable support because they buckle in hot conditions (over-current) due to expansion, and due to electromagnetic forces. The latter can be quite high in fault conditions - made worse by low resistance. This can be seen from Ohm's Law where the current is equal to the voltage divided by the resistance.

So for example in a 240 volt domestic supply with a fault resistance of 0.001 ohms (at the point of the short circuit) the current will be 240,000 amps. Not for long admittedly, but there until the fuse blows.

I remember in electric machines labs we hed test shorts of 200,000 amps or so for fractions of a second from a rotating energy storage device. I forget what it was called. but in the fraction of a second the current flowed the cable jerked from either repulsion or attraction(depending on the direction of current flow in each one...which we could change).

That 10 amps/mm2 is a good conservative figure to use.

240000 amps only if the driving source impedance is low !! even in heavy power distribution 200 kA is considrered a very high short circuit fault current. With a 1000 kVA feeder transformer the typical load current is 1000 0000 /(3 * 240) approx 1400 amps per phase. For a short circuit take the worst case of twenty times this 28000 amps. And this assumes all the feeder cables to the short circuit are zero ohms.

A lot of factors must be considered, as previously mentioned.However, I do not think merely the surface area is adequate for a current calculation.You need to know the volume of the bus bar.More massive bars will carry more current.Of course I am presuming relatively low frequency and voltage.At high frequencies and voltages, the main current is carried in the outer "Skin" of the conductor, and as such, a hollow tube can carry nearly as much current as a solid one at high frequencies and voltages..in fact several hundreds of amps can circulate thru a 1/4 inch tube, with water circulating internally for cooling.A cap sealer is such an application, for instance.

Also, as previously stated, system capacity(Max Amps Available in short circuit conditions), the ambient temp, spacing,support, and insulation are all factors to consider.

Periodic maintenance of the bus bars is also critical. Proper torque, cleaning, etc.

For these and other reasons, there are no simple answers to your question.

As you've seen, there is disagreement here: some say 2 amps per mm2, some say 10 amps per mm2. If your question is related to a particular situation, then I'd suggest following the advice of the manufacturers of the devices to be powered and of the bus bars, as well as following the recommendations of NFPA. If your application is very new or unusual, then you really need to hire an electrical engineer: when you are dealing with amperages that require bus bars, then you are dealing with very serious safety issues, such as arc blast, fires, etc. etc. Not stuff for amateurs.

A reference here show that 16 gage insulated wire is rated for 10 amps and has 1.3 mm of area. a bus wire in air has a slightly higher rating at the same size.

SInce this is a very conservative rating, 10 is OK for small bus bars.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_wire_gauge

As you get into larger bus bars you must consider the effect of square law.

So if you have a bus 1 mm square and another one 2 mm square you have 4 times the copper in number two, however the 1MM wire has a surface of 4 mm2 and the 2 mm has a surface of 8 mm2(for a 1 mm running length), thus it has twice the heat per unit area to dissipate, so it must be derated to less than 10, to a current where the same relative heat per unit is radiated.. As you get into large busses the derating gets larger. Wire and bus makers have charts for this, as does the UL

It varies with cooling considerations, and bracing must be
designed for available short circuit currents.

A good 'rule of thumb` figure is 500A./Sq. In., for L.V. (Under 600V.),
in ventilated enclosures.

.....but you've got to run the numbers for the use contemplated.

(Manufacturers of busways and panels, etc. will supply figures for their
products under varying conditions.)

that is very low, on the order of 1.3 amps per MM2, and would go broke from buying copper/aluminum at that rate of use on bus bars

It's an old rule of thumb from the days when material costs were not as important,
and was intended to be taken as a 'safe` number.
You will find many old switchboards with sizes/capacities in this range.

Use of domestic cable area loadings for interpolation to busbar sizing is not a
good plan . The area/surface ratios, and the insulation on the cables are
factors in cooling. So are expected ambient temp.s, air flow, and even buss
configuration and orientation.

As I said, - you've got to run the numbers.

I'm back again. I suggested 10 amps per mm2 based on domestic cable ratings in the Uk.

A copper power cable of 2.5 mm2 has a current rating of about 25 amps. The precise figure will depend on the application and can be found in the IEE Regs.

The National Electrical Code indicates 1000 amps per square inch, for copper and 700 amps per square inch for aluminum. For example a 4 inch wide by 1/4 inch thick copper bus bar can carry 1000 amps.

Thank you for the comment, can i know the NEC standard No. In which the rating is specified.

at lower sizes (down to around 25x5mm) you will be at nearer to 3 amps per mm2.

When you get to 2000A the ratings starts to dip under 2A, but 2A is a good call up to there. When you parallel coppers in a standard ASTA support, there is further derating.

You will find that a 100x5mm copper has a better rating than a 50x10 as it has more surface to dissipate the heat despite being the same volume.

steve e

steveenglish.com

Please let me know the ampere(current carring) capacity of a copper bus bar.

data to read

https://www.aflglobal.com//Products/Conductor-Accessories/Substation-Accessories.aspx

http://www.google.ca/search?hl=en&safe=off&q=%22copper+bus%22+%2Bamperes&btnG=Search&meta=

630 Amps at 50 KA shortcircuit level

It is interesting to compare these considerations to the standard plugs used in different parts of the world. For example, the standard UK design has robust pins, typically of brass, measuring about 6x4mm, whereas the Australian design (also used in China) uses flimsy pins of about 6x1mm. The examples I have use steel pins. Of course one has to take into account the conductivity of the different metals, and the way the pins are connected in both directions, to assess how well chosen these designs are.

Dear Freind,

For design purpose you should consider the current capacity of copper as 1.6 amp per sqmm.

Shalabh Kesarwani

Jaksons Limited, Noida, India

Dear Sir.

Your figures are AtLeast 6times conservative then of normal standard. A transformer is normally wound with the Current density of 3.3 amps/sq-mm.and an open conductor can carry about 3times of that.

Sorry my intention is not to put you down but as 1.6ams/sq-mm can waste lot money of poster.

Roughly 1.5 A/mm2 at ambient temperature of 40 deg C

current carring capacity of copper is 1 sq mm = 1.2 amps.

is the anonymous poster of 2006 still reading?

Hello Dear ,

first of all i would like to say its such good plate forum for information .So we want know actually about the bus bar rating according to amperes we using under mention bus bar for modification of 4000 ,60 hz ampere panels so could you please confirm us or suggest bus bar rating for this modification.

we are using 1.5amp/mm2 for 4000 amps please suggest

thanks and regards,

Eng ASJAD