Actually LM336 is a precision 2.5V shunt regulator whereas Tl431 is programmable shunt voltage reference where output voltage can be set for 2.5 V to 36 V with 2 external resistors.
Tl431 acts as a comparator where there is inbuilt 2.5V ref at one input of comparator & another input is what we connect by means of resistor divider.
These devices find very much benefitial at the ouput of the SMPS where output decreases with increase in load & affects on the regulation.
The application can be seen in any of Fairchild ,Top-Switc SMPS Switch IC.