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Sulfur Affinity

10/24/2008 2:02 AM

Can anyone in the Chemical Industries or Chemical Expert suggest me something that can be used as pre-solution or pre-surfacing material (Specific with name) that can be applied or filled into porous material so that Sulfur(S) in moltern form can be absorbed more aggresively inside the pores filling it completely. The penetration of Sulfur in our Silicon carbide Stone is not 100% even with the Vacumme/Pressure equipments. Any new suggestion please.

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#1

Re: Sulfur Affinity

10/24/2008 11:35 PM

Hello rohitdigit:

I assume you are absorbing the molten sulphur with the silicone carbide blocks or disks?

As the MP of silicone carbide is 2730 °C, and the MP of Sulphur is 115 °C, will putting the silicone carbide into the sulphur, and just letting it 'cook' for a while allow the sulphur to be absorbed?

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#12
In reply to #1

Re: Sulfur Affinity

10/29/2008 3:19 AM

Yes .. the MP of sulfur is important... to maintain certain viscosity to penetrate the pores of Sic block, the MP of Sic has nothing to do with it, the aim is complete - 100% of pores are filled thorowly with sulfur that solidifies on cooling...

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#2

Re: Sulfur Affinity

10/24/2008 11:48 PM

Hello rohitdigit:

I know this may sound ridiculous but, it may not fully absorb the sulphur because of 'residual' pressure. Have you tried dipping the silicone carbide in the molten sulphur and leaving just a tiny bit above the molten liquid. This may allow any residual pressure to dissipate through the end?.........Just a thought, OK?

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#3
In reply to #2

Re: Sulfur Affinity

10/25/2008 8:21 AM

Thanks Babybear for the concern, Yes we have done lot of experiment even leaving the stone partially above the molten sulfur, but the cappilary action in the pores even do not work. The penetration in the exposed part is much much less. Any idea of some surfactant that acts as absorbant for Sulfur????.....

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#4
In reply to #3

Re: Sulfur Affinity

10/25/2008 9:46 AM

Is it feasible to diffuse the S in as a vapour and condense insitu?

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#13
In reply to #4

Re: Sulfur Affinity

10/29/2008 3:23 AM

Not sur... can be tried ..... some idea??????

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#16
In reply to #13

Re: Sulfur Affinity

10/29/2008 5:46 AM

Keith (#5) gave a similar reply to what I would have said, only he said it far better.

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#17
In reply to #16

Re: Sulfur Affinity

10/29/2008 6:02 AM

Hello sceptic:

Keith (#5) gave a similar reply to what I would have said, only he said it far better.

You know I have the same problem all the time! My nick name is "if only"!

Take care

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#5

Re: Sulfur Affinity

10/25/2008 9:51 AM

You are trying to saturate porous silicon carbide with molten sulfur. Liquid sulfur has high surface tension. To my knowledge, there is no 'surfactant' for molten sulfur. You need to use VAPOR deposition. You will have to adjust the temperature of the vapor chamber to arrive at the best temperature for the process. You may even have to do vapor deposition followed by liquid soaking.

I can think of a 'process' that should work. Put the Sicr in a vacuum chamber, heat it up to say 500F, pulling a full vacuum (10 micron asb pressure), shut off the opening to vac pump, then admit small amounts of hot molten sulfur (500F). As the sulfur vapor pressure rises in the chamber, it will penetrate deeply into the porous material to 'fill the vacuum' AND adsorb on the surface of the pores. Pore size in the material needs to be large enough to allow the sulfur molecule easy access.

One can also form the sulfur in-situ by first saturating the pores with H2S and then introducing SO2 which reacts with the H2S to form sulfur and water. This needs to be done hot (1500F) for the reaction to take place and under low pressure so the water can escape the pores.

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#18
In reply to #5

Re: Sulfur Affinity

10/31/2008 8:11 AM

Hello Keith E Bowers:

I like the way you think and, like your post.

I wonder how other grinding wheel manufacturers have gotten round this problem? It seems to me that very slight adjustments in varying 'salts', as well as slight heat changes effect how much of the Lube, in whatever form, is absorbed?

I like your idea but wonder how it would be into practice comercially?

Take care and a good answer!

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#6

Re: Sulfur Affinity

10/25/2008 4:43 PM

Hello rohitdigit:

Can you tell me if you make and mold your own silicon carbide.

Do you find thinner blocks absorb more sulphur? If so perhaps it is possible to make composite blocks?
And can you read the articles below and let me know if they are of any use?

Have you searched for surfactants?

I was thinking about using various salt solution/s as a soak for the blocks or, to wash your silicon carbide powder in before molding?

Member, American Ceramic Society.

Now in the Science and Engineering Materials Program, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ.

Copyright 1994 by The American Ceramic Society

ABSTRACT

Interaction between two commercial silicon nitride powders and various metal-organic surfactants was investigated in an aqueous medium to obtain a homogeneous distribution of sintering aid. Conditions under which the silicon nitride particles could be coated with metal oxide sintering aids were identified. Acoustophoresis, XPS, TEM, and FTIR were used to characterize the interaction between the metalorganic and the silicon nitride powder. From these data, the mechanism of attachment of the coatings was proposed. The surface area and surface chemistry of the powder, the pH of the solution, the structure of the surfactant, and the surface charge behavior of the powder and the coating were found to be the crucial parameters. The control of these parameters offered a simple and reproducible method to homogeneously distribute various metal oxides. Multicomponent coatings were also possible. The coated powders containing 0.5–4 wt% sintering aid could be compacted to 72% green density.

Manuscript No. 194560. Received May 18,1993; approved August 30, 1993.

DIGITAL OBJECT IDENTIFIER (DOI)10.1111/j.1151-2916.1994.tb04526.x About DOI


*Member, American Ceramic Society.

Copyright 1995 by The American Ceramic Society, Inc.

ABSTRACT

The addition of sintering additives to silicon carbide particles by electrostatic adsorption of colloidal A12O3 and Y2O3 sols has been studied as a way to achieve an optimum homogeneity in the microstructure. The adsorption behavior of the sol particles was examined by electrophoretic measurements and X-ray fluorescence analysis. Both A12O3 and Y2O3 sols could simultaneously be adsorbed on the SiC particle surfaces. Viscosity measurements showed that the colloidal sol particles had a stabilizing effect on the slip, and hence slips with relatively high solid loadings could be prepared without adding extra dispersing agent. Liquid-phase-sintered silicon carbide materials (LPS-SiC) with 2 wt% A12O3 and 1 wt% Y2O3 were prepared by freeze granulation/ pressing and sintering at 1880deg;C for 4 h. The homogeneity of the green compacts was quantified using a spot analysis technique in an electron probe microanalyzer. It was clearly shown that the addition of sols gave a more homogeneous microstructure than the reference sample with Y2O3 and A12O3 added as powders. The addition of sintering additives as sols also enhanced the sintering behavior.

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#14
In reply to #6

Re: Sulfur Affinity

10/29/2008 3:54 AM

Thanks babybear… I do think we are zeroing in to the problem with multi-ideas…

Yes we do make our own blocks, but they are moulded to a single size, thinner one are better but not the best in absorbing sulfur, the problem is with micro-pores of thicker blocks.

I searched for surfactant…. But could find nothing pin pointing to improve the surface of Silicon carbide…. Or help improving absorption.

Your abstract are useful….. but for the Silicon Carbide grain Manufacturer point of view, we use the pre manufactured Sic grain for converting them to block. They are fine abrasive powders and hard additive or non abrasive additive could reduce their cutting strength or even contaminate interfering with their cutting efficiency….. Still Thanks again for the abstract too, knowledge what so ever is always usefull ….

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#7

Re: Sulfur Affinity

10/26/2008 9:28 PM

Please excuse my ignorance. What does the sulfur do that is advantageous to the performance of what I assume is an abrasive wheel?

I would have thought that the impregnation of the sulfur would be incline to throw the wheel of balance unless you can achieve homogeneity.

An out of balance wheel can waste a lot of setup time and produce a poor surface finish.

BAB

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#8
In reply to #7

Re: Sulfur Affinity

10/26/2008 10:44 PM

Hello BlueAussieBoy

The ideal is to achieve 'homogeneity' and thus balance. Which may be the reason for the start of this thread?

Sulphur is used as a Lubricant, mixed with a liquid it is absorbed by the wheel or other grinding surface.

I have copied a short piece to explain the reasons from this site:

http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3618/is_200802/ai_n24394308/pg_3

[The term sulphurchlorinated fluid refers to fluids that contain both sulphur and chlorine. These are generally all-purpose fluids. Chlorine reduces the coefficient of friction at low interfacial temperatures, and sulphur reduces the coefficient of friction at high interfacial temperatures. Due to the very high temperatures in the arc of cut, it's a sulphurized fluid that will have the most impact on the grinding process].

Hope it makes things clearer\! I too wondered and thought there may have been a Lubricating type of reason and know I also know!

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#9
In reply to #8

Re: Sulfur Affinity

10/26/2008 11:33 PM

Thanks Babybear, that makes things a lot clearer.

I use to use sulphurchlorinated oils back in the days when I was making tools. It worked very well but it had a distinctive smell to it that went right through the workshop and your overalls.

It is an interesting concept to pre-load the wheel with the lubricant/coolant. On small diameter wheels it may be OK but large wheels, say a foot or over it may be a challenge to get the full penetration to ensure balance.

BAB

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#10
In reply to #9

Re: Sulfur Affinity

10/27/2008 12:10 AM

Hello BlueAussieBoy:

I am not sure what has always been done since someone invented the absorption method for this lub'. There is other wheels which do not have this in the make-up. But, as the originator of this thread says, he is having trouble getting the Sulphur to soak through 100%.

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#11
In reply to #8

Re: Sulfur Affinity

10/27/2008 3:54 AM

BlueAussieBoy

Thanks for the reference. Very helpful and interesting

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#15

Re: Sulfur Affinity

10/29/2008 5:30 AM

Hello rohitdigit:

Thanks for the answers to my questions. I was thinking it may be possible to mix powdered sulphur with the grains before they are formed? Or would this burn the sulphur away as it heats up?

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#19
In reply to #15

Re: Sulfur Affinity

11/01/2008 2:01 AM

Hellow Babybear

Mixing Sulfur into the initial stages to form, cannot work as on heating above 120 D Cen it will leave the matrix?? It has to be done after sintering only. I feel Nitrogen has great affinity to Sulfur and can form long chain, hence the stone can be pretreated with some Nitrogen in gaseous stage or with compound & then reacted with sulfur for better result ..... any suggestions..... Looking for Chemical Engineers to step in to say about the reaction. Since Sulfur/Nitrogen can be explosive too.

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