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Join Date: Jan 2009
Posts: 10

Why Use a Preflash Drum or Preflash Tower Upstream of a CDU?

01/14/2009 9:51 AM

If the crude feed to an atmospheric tower is heavy and has virtually no light ends, then we can avoid using the preflash tower or preflash drum. However if the crude has some light ends we normally have a preflash drum/tower and we only send the flashed liquid to the fired heater before it goes to the Crude Distillation Unit (CDU). In this instance we re-combine the flashed vapor to the heated liquid leaving the fired heater. Apparently we do this to avoid the high vapor pressure of the liquid entering the fired heater and also we reduce the size of heater. High vapor pressure at heater inlet complicates heater design. There are also other implications at the preheat and desalters which are located upstream of the CDU. If preflash is not used the operating pressure in the CDU may increase and also we will need higher temperature to achieve the desalting. Coupled with this is the requirement of much higher water for the desalters. So frequently we use the preflash drum/tower to avoid these problems. Some old CDUs have been modified to include these preflashes before the main atmospheric tower. My question is at what deg API of the crude should we consider preflash equipment? Also are there any other considerations which I have not mentioned here, that must also be considered when deciding if there is a need for a preflash drum/tower?

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Join Date: Jan 2007
Location: Houston,Texas
Posts: 378
Good Answers: 24
#1

Re: Why Use a Preflash Drum or Preflash Tower Upstream of a CDU?

01/15/2009 9:08 PM

A pre-flash tower (or drum) can substantially 'unload' the top section of the main distillation tower. lower the required desigen pressure of the heat recovery exchangers and desalter, lower crude feed pump discharge pressure, lower design pressure of crude heater, lower design pressure of the crude column-----but it ADDS operating complexity, equipment, and possibly capital cost. If the heat recovery scheme incorporates direct exchange(which is more efficient) instead of 'hot oil' circuits, operating stability is much more fragile and upsets can be difficult to manage.

The decision between a 'drum' and 'tower' depends on how much LPG and light naphtha are in the crude. If the crude is spiked with LPG and condensate, a simple flash drum can capture most of the benefits of a pre-flash colum at a small fraction of the cost--IF the light ends are to be subsequently processed in stabilizers to achieve separation and distillation, vapor pressure speifications.

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Keith E Bowers, PMP
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