Sometimes it pays to look at a long-term problem in an entirely new way. For years experts have sought to improve automobile safety with devices such as airbags and self-tensioning seat belts that protect passengers in the event of a crash. Now engineers are beginning to tack in a new direction – collision avoidance. Projects underway in the U.S., Sweden, and Japan aim at reducing accident levels to nearly zero through the development of smart highways and smarter cars.