Researchers are studying the DNA of Homo Neanderthalensis (Neanderthals) to better understand the evolutionary steps which produced our species Homo Sapiens Sapiens (Modern Man).
The DNA is being taken from bone fragments found in caves in Europe. Genetic material from the bone has let researchers identify more than a million building blocks of Neanderthal DNA so far, and it should be enough to derive most of the creature's 3.3 billion blocks within the next two years, said researcher Svante Paabo.
Here is the link to the story. The research should add some insight into the debate as to whether Neanderthals were killed off by early Homo Sapien Sapiens, or if interbreeding took place between the two species.