The structure in a DCS system is the same of a office full of networked computers. The reporting by exception and request help eliminate much of the congestion but the other factor is that you will see in the sizing criteria separates networks through a series of switches and routers to limit the access of data to assure that the control is performed first data acquisition second and so on... There are a number of books that talk about data throughput and DCS design that may also strengthen ones knowledge...