How about some general examples to simply illustrate loads.
A gradually applied load is the equivalent of me leaning on you.
A suddenly applied load is the equivalent of me pushing you.
An impact/shock load is the equivalent of me slapping you.
That's about as simple and clear as I can explain it to someone who doesn't know what the basic definitions of the words 'gradually', 'impact', 'suddenly' and possibly 'load' are.
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I actually considered punch but that is more applicable to a 'hammer' load than 'impact/shock' load. As this was outside of the scope of the original question I didn't bother putting it in. Keep it simple after all.
Guest (post 0): As load is applied, the applied load increases from zero to its maximum value in a finite time tr. If tr > 3/f, where f = first-mode natural frequency of structure, then your applied load is considered to be gradually applied (static), meaning dynamic effects can generally be ignored. Let's take an example. Let's say your applied load is applied from zero to its full value, in the shape of a quarter sine wave, in an elapsed time of tr = 70 ms. And let's say your structure fundamental natural frequency is f = 45.6 Hz. Therefore, because 0.070 s > 3/(45.6 Hz), your loading is static.
Conversely, I think sudden loading will be when tr is significantly less than 3/f.
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