Please tell me in detail about the concept of circulation and vortices and their effect on machines.Or is there any material available which tells the basic physics of circulation and not with equations.Please me to come out of the circulation.
Consider a pipe through which water is flowing at a slow and steady speed. Of course you know that the water flow creates a parabolic shape. the edges tend to stick to the wall aided by its roughness and as you go away, the holding back is by viscous friction only the center moves fastest.
Now increase the velocity (or quantity) the parabola extends.
At a certain stage (you may be aware of Re) what happens is the velocity of water becomes so fast that the water tries to tear away the water that is trying to stick to the wall. This pulling and holding back, creates the so called eddies near the wall and the resultant turbulent flow and more and more the velocity, the extent of turbulence increases.
As you must be aware this disturbance requires energy, and the energy can only be obtained from the flow, so the turbulence has a direct effect in the loss of the flow energy (in terms of pressure drop) which is of course dissipated by raising the fluid temperature - visous friction loss.
This is as simple as it can go in english. Then try to visualise and make some drawings and think also about the pressure drops due to velocity gradients that aids in disturbing the streamlines of the flow.
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Fluid Dynamics
Re: fluid dynamics..
