they are refering to the thicknesses before and after forming.
by inheretent characters of materials (this character vary as per material), when you form the head by rolling and pressing, the final thickness will be slightly thinner compared to the original thickness.
for example, you have 16 mm thickness plate. you roll and press it to fabricate the head. finally, you will find that the thinest thickness of head is 15.5 mm.
16 mm is norminal thickness and 15.5 mm is finished thickness.
for more tip, due to this reason, if you want to fabricate head having 16 mm in thickness, then you shall procure 17 mm plate considering this change.
such tendency is different between different material.
for more technical reference, you may refer to ASME section 8 div 2.
I hope my answer is in line with your question's intention.
And for this reason and as a code recommendation, when we write or specify the thickness of a head in such a drawing or in a material requisition, we have to write the term (min.) after the thickness dimension, like: Head Thickness 18 mm (min.) which means that its min. thickness after forming is 18 mm in spite of forming that head from plate(s) with original thickness of 20 mm for example. Where in case of shell we write: Shell Thickness 18 mm.
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In the more general sense, nominal means "in name." So nominal thicknesses (or sizes) of anything are the named size. In the US system, a nominal 1" shaft or piece of bar stock may measure several to many thousandths bigger or smaller than 1.000". In several cases, the differences are dramatic, as in pipe, where a nominal 1" pipe is not very close to one inch on either the inside dimension (which is the dimension the pipe is generally named for) or on the outside. This goes to extremes in naming our classic building lumber, the 2X4, which is nominally 2" x 4" in cross section, but actually measures 1.5" x 3.5."
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A factory product of say wood, steel, or metal has a 'Nominal thickness', this then goes on to other processes where that 'Nominal Thickness' is brought down to a 'Finished thickness', after the metal has been ground or has had an edge put on it and other finishing has been done.
In Wood or Lumber, the nominal thickness can be several times the finished thickness. Where you need a finished thickness of 2" x 1" (50 mm x 25 mm),
The initial tree is cut to a Nominal size of ~ 11.75 x 4.75" (~ 287 mm x 118 mm)
Then this goes onto another factory perhaps.
Cut to its finished size of 5 x 2" (50 mm) pieces and, 4 x 1" (25 mm) pieces.
At a finished size of 2" x 1" (50 mm x 25 mm).
So from the initial nominal size you get 9 finished lengths.
This is often true of wood where it is green and has to be dried. They dry it in its Nominal size then work on it to get finished wood for home building and second fix. Where it is dried before finishing, as it dries it shrinks, so the nominal size may be larger that I have hypothesized to allow for the shrinkage.
Hope this helps!
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