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Consideration for a Simple Analog Circuit

04/08/2010 9:58 PM

The below is the detailed application for analog input circuit in Tester project. As for LM324, input offset voltage temperature drift is less than 30μV/oC, Input Offset Current is less than 30nA, and Input Offset Voltage is less than 3 mV. The specification of LM324 is attached for your review. The circuit can get 10 times of the original signal. We take R54 and C25 as low pass filter circuit to improve the precision. R53 and C27 have the similar function. In addition, we take R54 ≈ R38 // R36 to reduce the effect of the offset current.

Please join the discussion about how to improve the circuit, thanks!

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#1

Re: Consideration for a Simple Analog Circuit

04/08/2010 10:50 PM

Nice depiction of the circuit. Do you have a question?

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#2

Re: Consideration for a Simple Analog Circuit

04/09/2010 10:30 AM

Well my initial comment is that this should not have a gain of ten, it should have a gain of eleven. So if you are getting a gain of ten, then you already have a an error close to 10%. Next, the input bias currents will see slightly different DC impedances. But as you point out, a factor of nearly two in this case is not all that significant for bias currents but it is a theoretical skew to the circuit. The output capacitor to make this a two pole low pass Butterworth filter I'm not fond of unless this is intended as a lumped element model of your cabling. Even with this case though, the cable capacitance will certainly not stay constant and the input impedance of the next circuit can significantly effect the second pole location. If you must make a gain of ten with a two pole Butterworth filter network using only one operational amplifier, I recommend you examine a Sallen-Key circuit topology. Both of the critical poles impedance circuitry is well controlled by the low output and high input impedances of the operational amplifier. However, this circuit topology has some annoying limitations in component selections and ease of changing filter parameters. If you can use instead three or four operational amplifiers I would choose an Ackerber-Mossberg, a bi-quad or a state-variable topology. Lastly, you should attach Vcc and Vee to some supply voltages and by-pass appropriately or nothing will happen at all.

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#3
In reply to #2

Re: Consideration for a Simple Analog Circuit

04/11/2010 9:58 PM

Firstly, I'm sorry for my mistake and the gain for the circuit is 11. Secondly, in the circuit Vcc connects to +5vdc and Vee connects to gnd. Based on the circuit, which steps could we take to improve the circuit? Very thanks for your excellent answer.

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#4
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Re: Consideration for a Simple Analog Circuit

04/11/2010 10:46 PM

Well it's a little hard to elaborate more than I have already without knowing what the sourcing signal is or what the load is that you will be driving. Now there is one significant problem that you may have with not having a symmetric supply, all voltage swings should be referenced to above and below the mid-voltage point of your supply. The common method of doing this is by generating a virtual ground by using another operational amplifier in a voltage follower configuration with the + high input impedance input connected to the middle of two matched dropping resistors (making Vcc/2) the output connected to the negative input through a resistor one half of the previous two resistors. This op-amp output now becomes a low output impedance virtual ground. But once again, depending on what you're doing this maybe a needless effort. But I always like to go back to the original source whenever a circuit is not doing what I wish. National Semiconductor did the original design of the quad amplifier package, LM324N. Oh, and the single amplifier two pole design they show happens to be a Sallen-Key configuration.

If I remember correctly, a drawback of the Sallen-Key design is that at much higher frequencies than the -3dB corner frequency the attenuation cannot be as much as one would expect. Once again, many times this does not matter. It all depends on what you're doing.

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#5

Re: Consideration for a Simple Analog Circuit

04/12/2010 4:33 AM

The input signal is 5mv-150mv and about 1Hz. I want to get an estimate for the error to determine whether the circuit can meet our requirement. The desirable error is less tahn 1mV.

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#6
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Re: Consideration for a Simple Analog Circuit

04/12/2010 7:20 AM

At 1Hz in particular its a little difficult to know what your numbers mean as far as waveform levels, particularly without knowing how you measured this. My concern is if the waveform ever goes below ground. If it does then your output will be clamped to ground for you do not have a supply voltage that is less than ground. If the input never goes below ground or you if you don't care about a loss of the negative signal then your circuit should work fine as long as the input impedance is not less than about 100k.

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#7
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Re: Consideration for a Simple Analog Circuit

04/12/2010 8:47 PM

The input signal is always above ground. So I think the circuit can work well.Very thanks!

Very happy to meet you who are very experienced in analog knowledge. Hope to have more discussion with you in analog.

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