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Guru
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Short Circuit Capacity Prediction

05/09/2010 11:01 AM

Hi,

Are there any software programs or calculations to predict how a circuit breaker will perform under SC conditions, given a set of design parameters? i have dynamic analysis software using which i can get a good idea of speed of contact opening, instantaneous velocities, contact bounce etc, but i have seen no way to predict whether it will do 10kA or 65kA, even with some knowledge of de-ion grid and arc chute behaviour.

i have come across a Czechoslovakian institution where they have used Ansys for some arc behaviour studies, but i haven't seen anything else.

Any information on this would be welcome, thank you in advance.

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Guru
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#1

Re: Short Circuit Capacity Prediction

05/09/2010 11:25 PM

You might want to have a look at atp-emtp, an open source package that might be able to do what you are trying to accomplish.

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Guru
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#2
In reply to #1

Re: Short Circuit Capacity Prediction

05/09/2010 11:34 PM

Thank you. Seems promising, will check it out.

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Power-User
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#3

Re: Short Circuit Capacity Prediction

05/10/2010 1:18 AM

Have a look at Schneider EcoDial S which is free:

http://www.soft.schneider-electric.com/myecodialS.htm

and of course only relates to Schneider breakers.

This is a light version of EcoDial L which is free to professionals but you must order it through your local agent.

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#4

Re: Short Circuit Capacity Prediction

05/10/2010 1:23 AM

The Circuit breaker can be checked through Special circuit breaker testing kits from Megger where exact short circuit conditions can be predicted in the lab. it can also be checked using advanced softwares such as Etap, C-grid, etc. We can also do calculations its a tedious process but if you are a engineering graduate you can get the formulas in the text book on power system studies written by various authors.

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Guru

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#5

Re: Short Circuit Capacity Prediction

05/10/2010 1:56 AM

All C/B manufacturers publish sets of curves relating SC current & trip time. After all it's necessary to plan the discrimination between protective devices.

Just ask your supplier.

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Guru
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#6
In reply to #5

Re: Short Circuit Capacity Prediction

05/10/2010 2:52 AM

Maybe i didn't word it properly. i am a designer of switchgear, ACBs and MCCBs among them. So, having made a design, i have no option but to make samples (an expensive process) and test them for Ics, Icw and Icu at high-power labs, another expensive process. My clients cannot afford to have such expensive labs of their own, so .. developing new circuit breakers is a long and tedious process. Since design can be done in 3D CAD, and analysis can be done using FEA and dynamic analysis software, i am hoping to get some predictive software for arc also, so that we can design first-time-right.

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#7

Re: Short Circuit Capacity Prediction

05/10/2010 9:09 AM

I am an Industrial Physicist so I will try and provide you some general guidelines for your problem. The dynamics of a plasma arc are hard to model but you can estimate the energy dissipated in the circuit breaker. The worst case survival scenario for the breaker is when it mechanically begins to open on the leading edge of the AC waveform. The contacts are then subjected to the high energy plasma for ½ cycle. The voltage drop across the plasma is a few volts (the sustaining ionization potential for air) times the fault current in the circuit. The fault current times a few volts (must be measured for each breaker) times the time period of ½ phase is the total amount of energy the contacts must dissipate. The energy has little time to be conducted away from the surfaces of the contacts so large surface areas have better ability to absorb the fault energy.

Software modeling of contact design. You would need a program to model the plasma behavior across the surface of the contacts. You want the current to be uniformly spread across the surface not concentrated in the middle else pitting will occur. The second modeling program would be for the breaker mechanical dynamics i.e. you want it to open the contact in less than ½ cycle else the worse case becomes the breaker absorbing energy for a full cycle not ½. The worse case for slowly moving contacts is opening part way through a half cycle but the contacts are still close enough that the arc reignites on the next ½ cycle. The contact alloys should have high work functions i.e. when the metal is hot it does not emit electrons readily, this is opposite to what is used in the cathodes of electron tubes when a low work function material is used. Dave K.

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Guru
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#8
In reply to #7

Re: Short Circuit Capacity Prediction

05/11/2010 11:35 AM

My response was incomplete..sorry.

About the contact material : In MCCBs, these are usually AgSnO2 or AgW or AgWC, whose properties are (a) high arc mobility so that the arc roots quickly move all over the surface distributing the pitting, and also transfer to the de-ion grids quickly, and (b) they are hard, and do not suffer much erosion due to the high current arc.

About the contact design itself: In ACBs, there are quite often replaceable arcing contacts made of AgW and main contacts which do not see any arcing made from AgNi or such high conductivity materials which operate cool under rated current. In MCCBs though, no replaceability is possible so the materials i mentioned before are used. i hope this helps.

If you already knew this, my apologies in presuming that you didn't know

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