One of the more outrageous aspects of the BP oil spill -- and this saying something -- is the Coast Guard completely dropped the ball letting BP go more than a day or so without providing an accurate flow rate of the light crude in the pipe.
BP either knew or should have known the flow rate to at least +/- 10%.
Instead BP was off by orders of magnitude.
Of all the free online calculators Darcy / Moody / Fanning calculators bring up more hits than anything else in science and engineering.
All that is necessary is a pressure drop over a length of the pipe.
Everything else is known to two or more sig figs, pressure, temperature viscosity density pipe diameter, pipe roughness, etc.
Commercially available pressure sensors are only accurate to +/- 0.05% which only gives about 1 psi resolution at 2500 psi. One psi would require hundreds of feet of pipe to get a big enough pressure drop for an accurate flow rate.
Only a pressure _drop_ is necessary, however, so it is still easy to get a precise flow rate.
The back of the diaphragm or other strain gaged structure of a low pressure sensor is simply equalized with the sea water pressure by a valve which closes 50 feet above the pipe. The valve could be spring loaded like a relief valve eliminating the necessity of remote control.
The resolution would then be 0.01 psi.
Another method would be to wire the strain gages from two separate high pressure sensors, one upstream and one downstream, together as two legs of a Wheatstone bridge.
Difference measurement techniques could also be made with a pitot tube at 170 bar.
A friend who worked on a 6 oil spill said that BP executives will never have to worry about any criminal prosecution.
The reason is everything they did or "merely omitted" was OKed by the Coasties, a variation of "we were only following orders."
He said the root of the problem was the Coast Guard is underfunded. They need to hire someone with a background in the petroleum industry or at least fluids.
Bret Cahill
Good Answers:
"Almost" Good Answers: