If you are protecting against oil intrusion, neoprene is a good bet. If water in an otherwise normal environment, maybe EPDM (?). If acids, maybe something else. Consider the geometry: do you need a flat gasket or something like an O-ring? Also pay attention to temperature (softer materials for colder temperatures, silicone for higher).
A McMaster-Carr catalog (available on line) will give lots of good basic information.
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In vino veritas; in cervisia carmen; in aqua E. coli.