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Power-User

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Location: Lahore
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Selection of Right Transformer

05/05/2011 3:30 AM

We erected our Corrugator plant in 2007. During engineering, I calculated total connected load of depart was 1750KW, 380V (estimated 2150KVA @ 0.8pf). So as the transformer selected according to connected load, we selected 2500Kva rated transformer.

Now when all the machines are in operation, I checked that the running load of our department never exceed 485KW (512KVA @ 0.95pf). Now for example if our power factor improvement system fails, the pf drops at 0.60 means max KVA can be drawn from transformer 485KW/0.60 = 808KVA. It means our transformer is 3 times > max load demand which is not good. If we talk about starting current surge of big motors then all the big motors are connected with drives. So there is no issue for high starting surge.

My question is that what should be the best practice/rule of thumb during selection of transformer in such cases?

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Technical Fields - Technical Writing - New Member Engineering Fields - Piping Design Engineering - New Member

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#1

Re: Selection of right transformer

05/05/2011 4:19 AM

Calculating by total connected load is conservative, but it may be too conservative if the concurrent loads are much less, as seems to be the case here.

For a small-scale example, I deal with refrigeration systems in which a control transformer might have six solenoid valves per zone as a connected load, but only two at a time might be energized as a concurrent load.

It can be tricky in such cases to determine the "worst case" simultaneous load.

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#2

Re: Selection of right transformer

05/05/2011 5:33 AM

It is a good design practice to apply Simultaneity Factor (How many loads will be ON simulatneously) & Diversity Factor (What is the ratio of Running Load vs Connected Load), while sizing Transformers. I am surprised how you missed that. Else, this - Oversized transformer - will be the price you will have to pay.

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Commentator

Join Date: May 2011
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#3

Re: Selection of Right Transformer

05/08/2011 5:13 PM

Since transformer is stationary equipment you need not worry too much regarding its efficiency. It gives best efficiency at 50% load connected to it. it means you get 99 % efficiency at 1250 kva load. or may be 96-87 % efficiency at 808 Kva load which you are talking about. Moresoever, transformer is designed for maximum load connected to it.

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#4
In reply to #3

Re: Selection of Right Transformer

05/09/2011 11:36 AM

You don't have to worry unless you are paying the power and cooling bills I guess. In my location at about 10 cents/kWhr even the cost of losses in large transformers can account for tens of thousands of dollars per year!

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#5

Re: Selection of Right Transformer

05/10/2011 1:13 AM

Did u apply the diversity factor while calculating?

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