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Brine Injection Wells

01/02/2012 4:49 PM

Even working in the business, I like a lot of my peers know about Brine Injection Wells, but no details on pressures used to inject, the depths needed for the wells, or the type of Geolgical Stratum most desired:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rainbow_Basin.JPG

This looks likely to my eyes!

I would guess sand is preferred for its abilities to percolate or allow the Brine to migrate.

I am not an advocate of Brine Injection, but Recycling or Reuse.

http://www.freepatentsonline.com/5132025.pdf

http://lists.mutualaid.org/pipermail/sustainabletompkins/2009-October/006091.html

http://www.aquatech.com/Markets/Industrial/UnconventionalGas.aspx

I don't intend for this to be an anti fracking forum, but I do have concerns with injection wells and have for a long time:

http://www.rma.army.mil/cleanup/facts/deep-wel.html

http://junkscience.com/2012/01/02/fracking-can-a-deep-injection-well-cause-an-earthquake/

http://search.datapages.com/data/open/offer.do?target=%2Fspecpubs%2Fmethodo2%2Fdata%2Fa075%2Fa075%2F0001%2F0250%2F0273.htm

http://www.rmotc.doe.gov/PDFs/96pt9.pdf

So, the wells here in OH, near where I am on assignment are as follows:

There are 177 disposal wells currently in operation in Ohio. The Mahoning County well is 9,000 feet deep and is used to dispose hazardous fluids, injecting fluid that cannot be disposed of in landfills into sandstone well below groundwater level.

I question more the contamination caused by the pressures in sandstone allowing the Brine to migrate to unwanted areas, than the possibility of earthquakes.

OK, lets keep it nice, and feed my inquisitive mind crew!

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#1

Re: Brine Injection Wells

01/02/2012 5:21 PM

Don't know if this is the same location: Mahoning County well injection well

"On Friday, the Ohio Department of Natural Resources announced a temporary halt of operations at the D & L brine injection well off Salt Springs Road following the latest earthquake, which happened early on Christmas Eve. After a 4.0-magnitude earthquake hit the area again Saturday, Gov. John Kasich ordered a temporary suspension on all injection wells within 5 miles of the D & L site while ODNR accesses the situation."
Looks like we don't know?

Or this:Brine disposal at Ohio injection well halted

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#3
In reply to #1

Re: Brine Injection Wells

01/02/2012 5:29 PM

Yep, that is the one.

I have heard so many stories about depth and this is the 1st time I have seen anything about it on line.

Out here, some of the shallow well drillers claim they have been approached to drill brine wells. I doubt any have the capabilities to drill 1-1/2 to 2 miles deep.

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#4
In reply to #3

Re: Brine Injection Wells

01/02/2012 5:42 PM

If they are anything like our local ones they still charge like they just drilled a mile or two deep well even if it was only 150 - 250 feet deep.

If you wanted one to actually drill that far for you here it would be cheaper to buy your own custom built oil rig and do the well yourself.

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#5
In reply to #4

Re: Brine Injection Wells

01/02/2012 6:27 PM

Holy s**t!!

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#2

Re: Brine Injection Wells

01/02/2012 5:25 PM

I am not sure how its done in other places but here in the oil fields the disposal wells are all going into a massive salt water aquifer that is around 5000 feet down and about half way between the oil formations and the surface.

The reason they use the salt water aquifer here is because its well known for being all around nasty to begin with so pumping anything else into it isn't going to bother it one bit more either. If anything the millions of barrels of production water being pumped into it now are probably diluting it!

From what I recall they are running most of the disposal wells here at around 600 - 1500 PSI surface pressure depending on what location and flow rate they are working at.

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#6

Re: Brine Injection Wells

01/02/2012 9:53 PM

Interesting, thank you!

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#7

Re: Brine Injection Wells

01/02/2012 11:21 PM

I have no experience with brine injection wells. However, for an aquifer to be salty enough to be declared acceptable to accept brine injection it must have a tremendously high conductivity suggesting that the quality would most likely approach or exceed ocean water quality. The second thing that also must be true is that the aquifer must be sufficiently contained by a deep depth of impervious material referred to as an aquaclude. The sandstone illustrated would not be a good location for the exact reasons you think it may be a good candidate for injection. It is far too permeable.

There is a "salty" aquifer in my region (referred to as a regional aquifer)that can be found at the interface of the limestone and the metamorphic bedrock at about 1000 feet (300 meters) but varies. However, this depth would be nowhere deep enough to support brine injection. The aquaclude portion is about 800 feet (233 M) but if I did a conductivity probe on a shallow (less than 200 feet) fresh water well that had been sitting idle for a day or two, I could detect the salt (verified from the regional aquifer) in the bottom of the fresh water well. Even though the aquaclude is supposed to be impervious, it is obvious there are micro channels that allow the underlying salts to migrate upward under artesian pressure. The water is fresh because once the salty portion has been pumped off or mixed with fresh water it is not detected by the users. So standards for brine well injection should not allow this type of aquifer to be acceptable.

What that means is that if there is an aquifer deemed suitable it must be very deep (>10000 feet) and must be cased and sealed to the top of the aquifer. These aquifers will be under tremendous pressure and likely at least enough pressure to drive the aquifer to the surface. So that 10000 feet represents 4200 psi. The brine injection would have to be injected at a pressure to overcome the the insitu pressure. The aquifer likely has no discharge to upper usable aquifers or surface water. Any disturbance of the aquaclude, like an earthquake, is cause for concern. If fractures breach the contained brine aquifer and allow the upward migration of these salts to contaminate fresh aquifers, that would cause major grief for many people. The age of the water in the brine injected aquifer is likely > one million years old and perhaps much greater than that age. Old Oil wells and old gas wells may be possible candidates.

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#8

Re: Brine Injection Wells

01/03/2012 11:35 AM

This relates to the issue of geological sequestration of CO2 polluting the groundwater by saline intrusion. Brine displaced from the formation to make way for supercritical (and very buoyant) CO2 has to go somewhere. If extracted to the surface, it becomes industrial waste, subject to the same stringent disposal requirements as reverse osmosis reject brine, which is a major constraint on desalination deployment. If pushed around underground, this very saline brine may intrude into fresh water aquifers. Just trucking it offsite and letting it leak out on the road to an alleged injection well is the cheapest solution. Is anybody checking in Ohio? Can they distinguish between road salt, laid down to deal with ice, and salt from leaky trucks from Pennsylvania fracking operations? Are the injection wells for real?

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#9
In reply to #8

Re: Brine Injection Wells

01/03/2012 11:57 AM

Ohio DNR seems pretty lax to me in regard to my industry and I don't like it. I often have to push my vendor to act in a more responsible way, as Shell mandates it in our QSHE Program and Specifications.

I have been in the midst of the Brine Tankers on I80, I76, and I77 a few times.

Like the garbage haulers from NJ and NY delivering Municipal waste to PA landfills, they are pretty rude, and I suspect the trucks need to be stopped and checked by DOTs on a regular basis and by surprise inspections.

It seems that most Checkpoints for trucks are closed later in the day and these trucks travel late evening and at night.

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#10

Re: Brine Injection Wells

01/03/2012 12:05 PM

By the EPA the waste from oil and natural gas wells is to be injected back into the same geological stratum it came from or a similar one.

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#11

Re: Brine Injection Wells

01/03/2012 1:40 PM

I have been in the oil patch 2hrs. west of Edmonton Alberta for 11 years and ask as many questions as I could get away with. We have several disposal wells in our area some were drilled specifically for the purpose and some are old wells that ran dry. The two that I know were injecting at 600 and 650 psi. plus the head pressure it becomes quite substantial. Only a few that I know of use the produced water to scavenge oil or condensate as most are gas wells. The well depth in our area varies from approx. 2200m. to 4000m. once in awhile we get a deep one to about 5700m. I'm currently doing the down hole cementing, lately most holes seem to kick off sideways at around the 2300m. mark. As for the trucking I don't know about the states but in Canada all produced fluids are regulated and need the proper paperwork and the tanks and trucks need to be inspected regularly. Shell is one of our toughest to work for with all there HSE regs (HSE=Health,Safety,Environment) it's quite a pain in my ass. I hope this helped.

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#12

Re: Brine Injection Wells

01/03/2012 9:55 PM

Earthquakes in Ohio have been attributed to the injection wells. Imagine the catastrophe that will lurk under us once the CO2 sequestration project gets going: http://www.power-eng.com/articles/2012/01/ohio-officials-shut-down-gas-production-sites-over-earthquake-concerns.html

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