Simplest - resistive divider: Only gives constant voltage out for constant supply voltage and constant load. Power lost = voltage dropped across resistors x current through them.
Adjustable linear regulator: Mostly independent of supply voltage and load current. Power lost = voltage dropped across regulator x current through it.
Adjustable switching regulator: Mostly independent of supply voltage and load current. Little power lost. May have switching noise on output unless well filtered.
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