Distance Relay - Quadrilateral Characteristics

Have you done any internet search on this, or is asking someone to answer this for you the first thing that you do?

My apologies for being so blunt, but even spending a short period of time conducting a web-search on google will get you about 448,000 results. You can begin to narrow it down from there.

One of the finest traits that an engineer can acquire is curiosity and a dogged interest in getting the answer. Being given the answer will not develop your curiosity, it will blunt it. Hunt down your own answer. In the long run, you will be the better for it.

Of course I did, why when I ask one question you think that I didn't make any search?of course I did.You are the last one I asked after many days I search and see the results is that what I need or not. Many of 448,000 results that you talking about didn't explain in detail about this characteristic but talking about it shortly. didn't talk about its parameters or its equation or how can I draw the boundary of this characteristic.

Now can you guide me to any result or book that explain what I need?

Rather than be upset, why not review the links provided by Joshi in #2?

I only reviewed the first link offered of the three, and it appears to be a good response to your question.

I believe it a good enough response to merit a Good Answer vote.

BAM! Page 30...GA.

Thank you for your help.The third link is good.

hi you could also go to www.selinc.com and have yourself registered. it provides good information about relays.

just search for the "distance element design" technical paper and it is good.

quadrilateral characteristics are drawn using three elements: the reactance element (top), resistance element (sides) and a directional element (bottom).

each of this elements has its own algorithm and different relay manufacturers provide different solutions...