Equalisers are used in LAP wound armatures, with number of poles 4 or greater than 4.
Equalisers are connected between 2 points on the armature, which theoritically would be at the same potential/ voltage.
Generally, they are connected on the commutator segments.
For example, if in the case of 4 pole design armature with 186 commutator segments, the equipotential pooints in the windings will be at 2 pole pitch apart, which is 93 segments. therefore segments are shorted like this: 1- 94, 3- 96, .... etc. for 50% equalization.