On this day in engineering history, the U.S. Navy launched
the world's first supercarrier, the USS
Forrestal (CV 59) from Newport
News, Virginia. Named
after James Vincent Forrestal, a former Secretary of the Navy and the first U.S.
Secretary of Defense, the Forrestal
superseded the Imperial Japanese Navy's Shinano
as the largest aircraft carrier ever built.
The Giant and The Whale
With an angled flight deck that
allowed simultaneous takeoffs and landings, the USS Forrestal was also the first carrier designed specifically to
support jet aircraft such as the Douglas A-3 Skywarrior, a strategic bomber heavy
enough to earn an unofficial nickname of "The Whale". A giant in its own right,
the Forrestal featured four steam
catapults for assisted takeoffs as well as four deck-edge elevators for moving the
carrier's 85 planes from interior hangar bays to the flight deck.
A Floating City
With a load displacement of 59,650-tons standard and
81,101-tons full load, the USS Forrestal measured 990-ft. at the
waterline and 1,067-ft. overall. The ship's complement of 552 officers and 4988
enlisted personnel made the ship a floating city, albeit one with military aircraft
and a keel-to-mast height as tall as a 25-story building. According to the USS
Forrestal Museum, the ship served 10,500 meals a day and required a fresh-water
plant with a daily capacity of 200,000 gallons. The ship's storerooms were as
large as a six-story warehouse with a base as big as a city block. The capacity
of the Forrestal's air conditioning
system was 1,050 tons, and the number of telephones aboard ship eventually
numbered 2,300.
Steel and Steam
Built by Newport News Shipbuilding of Newport News,
Virginia, the USS Forrestal required
52,500 tons of structural steel and 2 million pounds of weld metal. The ship's 250,000-sq.
ft. flight deck covered nearly four acres and its 75,000-sq. ft. hanger deck had
three sections. To reach speeds as high as 33 knots (kn), the Forrestal used four
steam turbines that required eight boilers and delivered 260,000 shaft
horsepower (shp). The knot, a non-SI unit equal to one nautical mile per hour
(mph), equals 1.852 kilometers per hour (kph) and approximately 1.151 mph. Shaft
horsepower, the power delivered to the shafts of a ship, is calculated from
horsepower (hp) and estimated losses in transmission.
Resources
http://forrestal.org/fidfacts/page15.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Forrestal_%28CV-59%29
http://www.navysite.de/cvn/cv59.htm
http://www.chinfo.navy.mil/navpalib/ships/carriers/histories/cv59-forrestal/cv59-forrestal.html
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