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Sleep apnea won't kill you, but it could shorten your life. Left
untreated, this chronic and often undiagnosed medical condition may increase your
risk of high blood pressure, heart attack, stroke, obesity, and diabetes. Obstructive
sleep apnea (OSA), the most common form of this sleep disorder, is also linked
to an increased risk of heart failure, arrhythmias (irregular heartbeats), and motor
vehicle and occupational accidents. Although OSA is often associated with being
overweight, it affects millions of people each year - including young children
and those who lead otherwise healthy lifestyles.
During an episode of obstructive sleep apnea, the sufferer's
airway collapses (apnea) or is partially blocked (hypopnea). Depending on the
severity of the episode, this may cause snoring, shallow breathing, or
breathing interruptions. People who suffer from severe obstructive sleep apnea often
feel tired all the time, a result of getting poor or interrupted sleep. An
alert doctor, generally a primary care physician (PCP), may discover this
during a routine physical exam and refer the patient to a sleep disorders
clinic.
During the course of an overnight sleep study, a team of sleep
specialists determines the severity of the patient's condition using
polysomnography. An apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) is scored, and the patient's PCP
may then recommend the use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machine. Many CPAP
machines are small enough to fit on a nightstand, and powerful enough to keep
the patient's airway open during sleep. These medical devices are also
expensive and somewhat uncomfortable - facts that aren't lost on the insurance
companies who bear some of the cost.
CPAP machines such as the REMstar Auto A-Flex from Philips
contain an SD card that records usage information. Depending on the insurance
policy, a patient may need to use this card to prove that the CPAP machine is
being used. Is this a reasonable way to control healthcare costs and demonstrate
the efficacy of a medical device, or is this an unnecessary intrusion?
Sources: NHLBI and Lancet
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