The USS Monitor
was a Civil War ironclad warship. It was
the first commissioned by the U.S. Navy during the American Civil War in 1862. It included the first armored gun turret that
rotated 360 degrees. The hull,
completely underwater, was protected by an overhanging armored deck.
Design &
Development
Several warships were damaged when the state of Virginia seceded
from the Union. The Merrimack was only partially damaged and the Confederate States
Navy refitted it with an armored casemate.
This ship became CSS Virginia.
John Ericsson submitted the design the USS Monitor in response to a newspaper
advertisement seeking ironclad ideas.
The majority of the ship was to be below the waterline to prevent damage
caused by cannon fire. The USS Monitor was 172 feet long and displaced
987 tons.
The ship was built at the Continental Iron Works in
Brooklyn, NY. It was launched on January
30, 1862 and commissioned on February 25, 1862.
Civil War Battle
The Battle of Hampton Roads was the first between two
ironclad ships. The USS Monitor sailed to the site from New York
City to protect the immobile USS Minnesota. The CSS Virginia's shot bounced off Monitor's
turret and deck. The only major damage
was to the pilot house - blinding the ship's commanding officer. The CSS Virginia
lost its smokestack. The battle was
a tactical draw but prevented the Confederacy from gaining control of the
Norfolk area.
The USS Monitor
was order south to Wilmington, NC in December 1962. It was towed by USS Rhode Island.
The USS Monitor
sank with 16 crew members on December 31, 1862.
A storm off Cape Hatteras caused it to take on water. The ship had been in service for less than
one year but was influential in warship design and several similar ships were
built.
Resources:
About.com
- USS Monitor
American
Civil War - Union Navy Ship USS Monitor
Historic
Naval Ships Association - USS Monitor
Naval
History & Heritage
Wikipedia
- USS Monitor
http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/images/h45000/h45973.jpg
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