|
In the last decade, particularly the last four years, we
have seen a tremendous push for electric vehicles (EVs). The end goal of many
advocates of EVs is to see them replace conventional gasoline powered cars to
reduce exhaust pollution and limit the use of fossil fuels.
And while this goal in some ways has more to do with the
source of grid power, there are already enough difficulties with the cars
themselves. In comparison to conventional cars, EVs are much less practical and
more expensive. But newly developed fast chargers are looking to change this.
One of the biggest challenges for EVs is battery charging.
Most designs have an average range of less than 100 or so miles per charge. Tesla's
Model S has one of the highest ranges, at ~300 miles per charge. But even a 300
mile range presents a problem for long distance travelers looking to go
hundreds of miles in one trip, since charging can take hours or days.
Specifically, it takes the Chevy Volt four hours, the Nissan Leaf seven hours,
and the Tesla Model S nearly twelve hours (whoa!)
to charge on a regular outlet modified for 240V (the voltage of most charging stations). In this way, the 450 mile road trip I took
many times from my hometown to my college would take two days rather than 7 ½
hours. That's just not happening.

(A Tesla Roadster at a traditional charging station. Credit: AP Photo | Rick Bowmer)
A new DC fast charging station developed by Tesla Motors presents a solution to this problem. These stations deliver DC power directly to the
battery, bypassing the car's on-board charger by converting AC grid to DC
outside the car. A communications link in the charging cord allows the car's
battery management system to control the rate of charge to avoid damage to the
battery. In this way, the fast chargers are designed to limit charging to 80%
of full capacity to avoid overcharging or battery damage.
While standard 240V stations provide only 3.3 kW power, fast
chargers can deliver from 20 kW to 100 kW depending on the design. This reduces
charging times by hours, allowing most EVs to charge to 80% in just around half
an hour or so.
As convenient as the fast-chargers seem, they have many drawbacks.
First and foremost, the capital costs are reportedly very high, with individual
charging units costing tens of thousands of dollars. In addition, fast-chargers
may not be as frequently used, considering that most EVs are purchased for
commuting and are charged overnight or during the day. Compounded together,
these factors make it difficult to justify an investment in these stations.
Other foreseeable barriers include the hefty demand that
these stations put on the grid. Utilities often charge a demand fee each month
for stations that expect to draw a lot of power. This fee is paid regardless of
how much use the station gets.
Finally, even if battery costs come down and the grid
expands to allow for more electric vehicles, I can't see Americans choosing
electric over gasoline. Often people are willing to pay more for convenience,
but right now conventional cars are both less expensive and better performing. EVs
will need to grasp at least one edge in the marketplace before they can
feasibly compete for our wallets.
References
Battle
of the Batteries - Gigaom.com
Technology
Review
|
"Almost" Good Answers: