Building & Design Blog Blog

Building & Design Blog

The Building & Design Blog is the place for conversation and discussion about building projects, tools and equipment, materials and hardware, and environment & energy. Here, you'll find everything from application ideas, to news and industry trends, to hot topics and cutting edge innovations.

Previous in Blog: New York's "Low Line" — a High Tech Underground Park   Next in Blog: Design's Latest Mantra: Light-weighting
Close
Close
Close
11 comments
Rate Comments: Nested

Diverging Diamond Interchange

Posted March 19, 2015 8:00 AM by cheme_wordsmithy

In my move up to Albany, New York a few years ago I experienced a number of "firsts," one of these being my first-ever drive through a roundabout. Roundabouts are (typically) four-way intersections where cars enter a central island and travel in a circle to their destination. They are commonplace in Europe and are becoming more popular in the U.S. because they allow for a continuous traffic flow often superior to stoplights.

I may have previously gone through a roundabout a few times as a passenger, but as my hometown and college town were devoid of them, it was a fairly new driving experience for me. I was a little hesitant at first about where I should go, but the lane markers were quite clear and made things easy enough (i.e., no, I didn't crash).

I bring up this pretty unremarkable memory in light of a new and innovative civil engineering road design that reminds me of the roundabout: the diverging diamond interchange (DDI).

The DDI gets its name from the very common diamond interchange, which is used at most freeway/road intersections. Regular diamond interchanges require cars to cross over oncoming traffic in order to enter or exit the freeway when traveling certain directions. This slows down traffic flow and increases the probability of accidents. The DDI design differs in that it eliminates left turns that cross over traffic by implementing a seemingly backwards concept: driving on the "wrong" side of the road!

The DDI works by utilizing traffic lights at either end of an overpass or underpass. At the lights, cars going across are directed to cross over to the left side. When cars reach the other side of the freeway they meet a second traffic light where they cross back over to the right side to continue. This setup allows cars to enter and exit off ramps without having to cross over opposing traffic.

The diverging diamond has apparently been around in Europe for a number of years, but was first introduced to the U.S. in 2000 by Gilbert Chlewicki. He developed the design as a graduate student at the University of Maryland, College Park, and wrote a paper in 2003 titled "New Interchange and Intersection Designs: The Synchronized Split-Phasing Intersection and the Diverging Diamond Interchange." This eventually led to the first DDI in the U.S. in Springfield, Missouri, which opened on June 21, 2009. Today there are over twenty diverging diamonds in use around the country, with many more in the planning and construction stages.

Many people have voiced skepticism on the idea of driving on the left side of the road because they're afraid of driver confusion. I don't blame them! However the numbers don't lie. Crash data from the new Springfield DDI shows a 60% reduction in collisions in a five-month comparison to the old interchange, and an MODOT survey shows 97% of drivers feel safer with the new design. From a technical standpoint, this data makes sense: when comparing the conventional interchange to the DDI, the DDI has fewer conflict points (14 versus 26), more difficult wrong-way entry, shorter pedestrian crossings, and better sight distance at turns.

I learned about the diverging diamond interchange from my brother-in-law, a civil engineer with Gannett Fleming, who is working on the design of one of these projects. I was very grateful to learn more about it, not only because I will likely drive through one someday, but because it has helped me understand how an engineer can actually enjoy working on something as seemingly mundane as an interchange.

A website has been set up to inform the public about the way these new overpasses work, so if you're interested in learning more about the DDI, check it out at www.divergingdiamond.com!

Reply

Interested in this topic? By joining CR4 you can "subscribe" to
this discussion and receive notification when new comments are added.

"Almost" Good Answers:

Check out these comments that don't yet have enough votes to be "official" good answers and, if you agree with them, vote them!
Guru

Join Date: Aug 2012
Posts: 1071
Good Answers: 92
#1

Re: Diverging Diamond Interchange

03/19/2015 8:21 AM

What would happen if the lights at either end were replaced with roundabouts, with a Y shaped entry exit pattern (single 2 way entrance/exit, one 1 way entrance and one 1 way exit.)?

Reply
Power-User
Hobbies - Musician - New Member Technical Fields - Technical Writing - New Member

Join Date: Nov 2012
Posts: 431
Good Answers: 6
#2

Re: Diverging Diamond Interchange

03/19/2015 1:05 PM

Living and driving in a roundabout-heavy town (we have about 10 with more on the way) would be much easier if clearly marked signage was followed more consistently, but I suppose that's true for all driving. IMO roundabouts are difficult because they demand a perfect balance between assertive and passive driving--you have to judge traffic in the circle very carefully to get through, but if you're too passive you'll sit there forever waiting to get in.

I wouldn't be thrilled about the DDI, although with a 97% satisfaction rate I guess I'd have to try it firsthand.

__________________
Nobody realizes that some people expend tremendous energy merely to be normal. -Camus
Reply
Guru

Join Date: Mar 2007
Location: by the beach in Florida
Posts: 33392
Good Answers: 1817
#3

Re: Diverging Diamond Interchange

03/19/2015 2:28 PM

I don't think I've ever gone through a roundabout in heavy traffic without having the urge to yell at somebody....

Done right...

__________________
All living things seek to control their own destiny....this is the purpose of life
Reply
Guru

Join Date: Mar 2012
Location: Out of your mind! Not in sight!
Posts: 4424
Good Answers: 108
#4

Re: Diverging Diamond Interchange

03/20/2015 12:08 AM

Funny wording:

is around in Europe since years....He developed the design ....

It either exists or it doesn't.

And then there is this

How much easier is that without traffic light!

__________________
Common Sense Dictates
Reply Score 1 for Good Answer
Guru
Canada - Member - New Member

Join Date: Jul 2013
Location: Canada but south of 49
Posts: 895
Good Answers: 20
#6
In reply to #4

Re: Diverging Diamond Interchange

03/20/2015 8:28 AM

Very safe, if you have the physical space to install one. Not always an option on "retrofits".

__________________
Never stop learning
Reply
Guru
Engineering Fields - Construction Engineering - New Member Engineering Fields - Civil Engineering - New Member Hobbies - Fishing - New Member Hobbies - Target Shooting - New Member Hobbies - Hunting - New Member Popular Science - Weaponology - New Member United States - Member - New Member Hobbies - DIY Welding - New Member

Join Date: Apr 2007
Location: Latitude 38.701979 Longitude -90.439540 Coordinates 38.701979, -90.439540 N38°42.11874, W090°26.3724
Posts: 668
Good Answers: 15
#5

Re: Diverging Diamond Interchange

03/20/2015 4:24 AM

We have all three here in St. Louis the Round About and Diverging Diamond are pretty new the clover leaf IdeaSmith has in his comment is still the most used.

As far as the safety factor goes the Diverging D and Round About are new enough that even the most non-paying attention to their driving driver has to pay attention enough at these intersections to reduce accidents. Once these drivers get used to them they will do what they do now and ignore the rules.

The diverging D Still makes you cross traffic but now you do it twice. Though because you are more of an angle less likely to be a head on collision and therefor maybe less dangerous.

The only problem I've ever noticed with the old fashioned Cloverleaf is the accelerating/ merging lane distance is sometimes to short for some drivers to get up to traffic flow speed to merge without causing issues with the already fast moving traffic.

I hate Round Abouts. Like J. Fuller says some drivers are more passive than others and hesitate to pull into the traffic so they don't really work any better than a four way stop with lights or with just stop signs. But again less severe damage when an accident occurs.

Has anyone had to deal with an accident at a Diverging D or Round About yet?
How much more screwed up does the traffic flow get when there is even a minor fender bender at one. Around here if there's so much as a car parked on the side of the road the traffic gets messed up.

__________________
scotchdrnkr
Reply
Guru
Hobbies - DIY Welding - New Member Hobbies - Target Shooting - New Member Engineering Fields - Civil Engineering - New Member United States - Member - New Member

Join Date: May 2009
Location: Red Hook, New York (Mid-Hudson River Valley)
Posts: 4362
Good Answers: 179
#7

Re: Diverging Diamond Interchange

03/20/2015 10:05 AM

Here we go again! Roundabouts were discussed in length in CR4 (ad nauseam I might add) a few years ago.

DDIs may work, IF drivers RESPECT both traffic signals and not blow through them. Therefore, I see that they offer no distinct advantage over traditional signaled intersections

Most American drivers are not use to them and may become confused, generally because they are not accustomed to them.

The only advantage I can see with employing a DDI is that they use less Righ-Of-Way real estate than a traditional Roundabout and cloverleaf design.

But hey, whatta I know, I'm not a highway engineer any hoots......

__________________
"Veni, Vidi, Vici"; hendiatris attributed to Gaius Julius Caesar, 47 B.C.
Reply
Guru

Join Date: Oct 2014
Location: Hemet, Land of milk and honey.
Posts: 2365
Good Answers: 36
#8

Re: Diverging Diamond Interchange

03/20/2015 10:49 PM

I am curious about the lane width in relation to the s-curves. I see in the picture that 2 semi trucks are using this interchange. While the Trucker with the doubles combination could maneuver through the s-curves easily, I wonder if the Trucker with the 53ft. Trailer would have a more difficult time.

Years ago, when I worked for an outfit as a driver trainer, my students would encounter s-curves such as this. Drivers are trained to normally drive in the right hand lane on a street that has two lanes going west to east for example/ ( w-e, n-s, s-n ), the driver would have to know well in advance that an interchange such as this was coming up. The driver would need to move into the left lane before the interchange in order to " see " what was happening on the trailers "blind" side. The truck driver would need to position the left tire as close as possible to the inside of the left radius of the s-curve, the watch the right hand side mirror to see where the right side of the trailer was tracking, so as to not "run over " a vehicle in the right lane. The problem is when exiting the s-curve, once the articulation between the truck and trailer exceeds 15 degrees, the driver is blind to the off tracking of the right hand side of the trailer. This maneuver is difficult enough on a clear sunny day, but it takes nerves of steel when the weather is inclement.

Most trailers are 102" wide, on a 10 ft. wide lane, this gives slightly less than 1 ft. clearance on each side, when driving on a straight roadway, my guess is that the s-curve would need to be longer, or the lane would need to be at least 14 ft. wide to take into account for a 45 ft. trailer bridge length ( the " bridge" ) is the length from the center of the trailers kingpin to the center of the trailers rear axle, in order to provide a margin of safety to not only the truck driver, but to person in the fiat 500.

Reply
Guru

Join Date: Aug 2012
Location: Land of Fruits and Nuts
Posts: 4481
Good Answers: 54
#9

Re: Diverging Diamond Interchange

03/25/2015 4:28 AM

Here we call them traffic circles and I love them. We have two at the exit I take to get off the freeway. Traffic flows very well most of the time and very rarely do I need to come to a complete stop.

Scary things I've seen on the traffic circle:

1. Someone was driving the wrong way (clockwise). He/she did this in front of a CHP officer and was pulled over.

2. I saw a pretty bad accident. He/she didn't turn and went straight into the center. The car was pretty messed up and it really screwed up traffic.

3. Young kids come flying into the circle without slowing down or looking - they think the right lane is like a right turn lane without a stop sign.

Some frustrating things I've seen:

1. People in the circle stopping to let traffic in the circle.

2. People who are in the outside lane, yet they continue past a two lane turn off.

3. Our turn circles are two lanes. People tend to drift in and out of my lane.

4. Semi's don't stand a chance in the smaller turn circle. The radius is too tight and they take up both lanes.

5. Bus drivers are horrible at turn circles. Don't get stuck behind one!

__________________
Enjoy and be happy! Life is too short!
Reply
Commentator

Join Date: Jan 2013
Posts: 60
Good Answers: 3
#10
In reply to #9

Re: Diverging Diamond Interchange

06/17/2015 12:19 AM

The first thing that occurs to me, with regard to "scary things" numbers 2 and 3 is that the approaches have to provide good visibility and with some large signs straight ahead that make it clear that the straight-ahead path is blocked. The signs have to permit good visibility of oncoming traffic around the rotary. I have seen many rotaries that are too heavily landscaped for this. It's not a bad thing to have some trees in a rotary, as long as their foliage is high enough not to interfere, and some low bushes or ground cover.

Regarding the "frustrating things," I think everybody should get the word out that failing to use the right of way when you have it can be almost as bad as failing to yield it when you should yield. Here in my politically-correct city, there are lots of women who engage in a kind of self-congratulatory, ostentatious "courtesy" that involves stopping for jaywalkers and holding up traffic. Many of the jaywalkers here engage in a conscientious form of jaywalking that avoids holding up traffic, but these women (mostly women), in their grandiose gestures of magnanimity, embarrass the conscientious jaywalkers and annoy the drivers behind them. (The grandiosity is evident in their facial expressions.) Timidity is another problem at rotaries.

Rotaries should have a large enough radius to permit trucks and buses to turn comfortably, unless they are on "No-trucks-or-buses" parkways.

Reply
Guru
Engineering Fields - Control Engineering - Time to take control United States - Member - New Member Engineering Fields - Systems Engineering - New Member Engineering Fields - Mechanical Engineering - New Member

Join Date: Apr 2009
Location: Tampa, Florida, USA
Posts: 2129
Good Answers: 87
#11

Re: Diverging Diamond Interchange

08/13/2015 7:30 AM

I recently came across an article that mentioned a CFI (Continuous Flow Intersection) being constructed in my home state of Florida in the city Ft. Meyers. I may take short trip down to have a look at it. I just checked google earth view and it doesn't show the new design (or at least not that I could tell).

Here is a link to what I saw on the subject.

__________________
J B
Reply
Reply to Blog Entry 11 comments

"Almost" Good Answers:

Check out these comments that don't yet have enough votes to be "official" good answers and, if you agree with them, vote them!
Copy to Clipboard

Users who posted comments:

8o88y (1); Autobroker (1); CaptMoosie (1); Hannes (1); IdeaSmith (1); JBTardis (1); JNB (1); Kevin LaPaire (1); scotchdrnkr (1); SolarEagle (1); tonyhemet (1)

Previous in Blog: New York's "Low Line" — a High Tech Underground Park   Next in Blog: Design's Latest Mantra: Light-weighting

Advertisement