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In my move up to Albany, New York a few years ago I experienced a number of "firsts," one of these being my first-ever drive through a roundabout. Roundabouts are (typically) four-way intersections where cars enter a central island and travel in a circle to their destination. They are commonplace in Europe and are becoming more popular in the U.S. because they allow for a continuous traffic flow often superior to stoplights.
I may have previously gone through a roundabout a few times as a passenger, but as my hometown and college town were devoid of them, it was a fairly new driving experience for me. I was a little hesitant at first about where I should go, but the lane markers were quite clear and made things easy enough (i.e., no, I didn't crash).
I bring up this pretty unremarkable memory in light of a new and innovative civil engineering road design that reminds me of the roundabout: the diverging diamond interchange (DDI).
The DDI gets its name from the very common diamond interchange, which is used at most freeway/road intersections. Regular diamond interchanges require cars to cross over oncoming traffic in order to enter or exit the freeway when traveling certain directions. This slows down traffic flow and increases the probability of accidents. The DDI design differs in that it eliminates left turns that cross over traffic by implementing a seemingly backwards concept: driving on the "wrong" side of the road!
The DDI works by utilizing traffic lights at either end of an overpass or underpass. At the lights, cars going across are directed to cross over to the left side. When cars reach the other side of the freeway they meet a second traffic light where they cross back over to the right side to continue. This setup allows cars to enter and exit off ramps without having to cross over opposing traffic.
The diverging diamond has apparently been around in Europe for a number of years, but was first introduced to the U.S. in 2000 by Gilbert Chlewicki. He developed the design as a graduate student at the University of Maryland, College Park, and wrote a paper in 2003 titled "New Interchange and Intersection Designs: The Synchronized Split-Phasing Intersection and the Diverging Diamond Interchange." This eventually led to the first DDI in the U.S. in Springfield, Missouri, which opened on June 21, 2009. Today there are over twenty diverging diamonds in use around the country, with many more in the planning and construction stages.
Many people have voiced skepticism on the idea of driving on the left side of the road because they're afraid of driver confusion. I don't blame them! However the numbers don't lie. Crash data from the new Springfield DDI shows a 60% reduction in collisions in a five-month comparison to the old interchange, and an MODOT survey shows 97% of drivers feel safer with the new design. From a technical standpoint, this data makes sense: when comparing the conventional interchange to the DDI, the DDI has fewer conflict points (14 versus 26), more difficult wrong-way entry, shorter pedestrian crossings, and better sight distance at turns.
I learned about the diverging diamond interchange from my brother-in-law, a civil engineer with Gannett Fleming, who is working on the design of one of these projects. I was very grateful to learn more about it, not only because I will likely drive through one someday, but because it has helped me understand how an engineer can actually enjoy working on something as seemingly mundane as an interchange.
A website has been set up to inform the public about the way these new overpasses work, so if you're interested in learning more about the DDI, check it out at www.divergingdiamond.com!
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