How Condensor Works

http://lmgtfy.com/?q=Vapor+absorption+refrigeration+cycle

<...Do we use different refrigeration system or some gas or cooled liquid at evaporator?...>

It is not possible for the forum to answer this question as it cannot see what <...we...> are doing.

The question can be answered by looking at the Piping and Instrumentation Diagram for the installation, which has been withheld from the forum; the forum still cannot see what <...we...> are doing and repeating the snippets of information already supplied has not improved matters.

We are doing nothing . I just want know when the coolant enters the condenser at 10 deg C and comes out of condenser at 15 deg C. Then how it is again cooled back to 10 deg C.

If you still can't understand the question I don't have any other explanation left.

Please describe the coolant. Please describe the ambient conditions. Please describe how the heat is rejected to the environment. In the absence of a P&ID, the forum is a little lost.

Now I hope the forum can find a way if it was lost.Now as you can see the cooling water going in the condenser, it has temperature of 10 deg C and when it comes out it absorbs heat from condenser and its temp. is increased to 15 deg C. Now how will I cool it back to 10 deg C to continue cooling process.

Use new coolant at the required temperature.

But from where I will get the coolant at that temp.

From the same source as where the existing stream of 10degC is coming.

• The questions over the nature of the existing coolant and the existing ambient conditions remain unanswered.

That cooling water carries away your waste heat. IF this temperature control process was happening on a deep space probe then your only place to put waste heat would be by using radiant cooling into the void of space. Instead you will be somehow dumping this waste heat into presumably something much more massive than your system so the localized temperature rise will be near zero. Frequently in the past waste heat has caused unanticipated problems for other systems. However, that valid concern is not part of this lecture.

Lower than that that has to be cooled. Usually not much lower than ambient temperature unless another cooling cycle is being used...

We can't tell. You might have a large supply of water at 10deg. Or depending on local ambient temperature, you might use a closed circuit with a cooling tower. Or there could be a secondary refrigeration circuit.

Google 'cooling tower'. You must be in an arid location if you have 10 degree cooling water (coolant).

Thanks. That is what which I needed. Usually coolant of what temperature is used?

• Please indicate whether or not a supply of cooling water coming from a water/air cooling tower is the source of the coolant stream.

Delays to supplying information to the above questions are holding back a reasonable answer to the original thread. <sigh>

Lower than that that has to be cooled. Usually not much lower than ambient temperature unless another cooling cycle is being used...

Can't tell you. That's not included in the diagram. The water has to go some where and come from some where. Your there trace it out. You may find there is another evaporator.

Also by your color code the condenser is the evaporator. Going in a liquid and coming out a gas.

The image in #7 is the first one that comes up when a Google search is carried out to obtain images of the vapour absorption refrigeration cycle. One might reasonably assume henceforth, therefore, that:

• The installation is a hypothetical one and not a real one, and therefore a P&ID for the installation is not available either to the original poster or from the original poster to the forum.
• The original poster's knowledge of air/water cooling systems is somewhat limited.

On that basis, the labelling of #1 as Off Topic is abstruse.

So hypothetically he has no idea how water is cooled. Hope he never has over heating problems with his auto.

You have to calculate btu's of heat being removed and design heat exchanger for that capacity based on air cooled condenser or water cooled condenser, with a water cooling tower...which ever one is appropriate...

http://drycoolers.com/products/water-glycol-air-cooled-heat-exchangers

One would only obtain a reliable source of 10degC coolant using that equipment at latitudes where the dry bulb temperature were consistently below 10degC.

If ambient conditions don't permit single system,

then you go to a cascading system...

http://www.coolingindia.in/blog/post/id/7273/product-detail.html

I think the part of the system you are missing from your diagram is the restrictive orifice the coolant has to pass through just before entering the evaporator. The orifice is maintaining the high pressure of the coolant just before the evaporator so that after the coolant passes through to the evaporator it can expand at a lower pressure. This expansion causes the cooling.

The coolant picks up heat and returns to the pump to be compressed, chilled and then passed through the orifice to expand and chill the refrigerated space.

In the absence of any reply to the questions over the ambient conditions and the nature of the coolant, the following would apply in the case of an air/water cooling tower.

The coolant temperature is closely related to the wet-bulb temperature of the air at the location, which is why ambient conditions are of interest; this is the principle by which an air/water cooling tower works. What this means is that the performance of the cooling tower is dependent upon the local weather, for it is not possible to evaporate below the wet bulb temperature. For this reason cooling towers will work better during some times of year and at some periods in the day.

If the performance of the downstream equipment is entirely dependent upon a coolant of a specified temperature all year round, then the coolant needs to be refrigerated to provide those temperatures; "chilled water" is a frequently-encountered utility in many factories, including pharmaceutical works. However, the concept of refrigerating the coolant that supplies a refrigeration system is abstruse: one simply designs the refrigeration system to cope adequately with the variation of wet bulb temperature throughout the year.

Cooling water systems are hazardous and need to be correctly maintained by the use of a chemical dosing regime appropriate to the nature of the species, both chemical and biological, that may be found within the water. The primary objectives are to limit the growth of legionella pneumophilia, a particularly troublesome microorganism that has led to disease in humans in the vicinity of the tower, and to prevent the accumulation of deposits both on cooled surfaces and within the body of the tower, for which adequate blow-down must be provided, typically at a total dissolved solids of around 1500ppm expressed as CaCO₃; cooling water conductivity is the usual measurement used to obtain the blow-down point. The make-up water is therefore best obtained from a low conductivity source though these have their own problems with regard to the aggressive nature and biological resilience of the water.

The commonly-heard complaint during the summer months of "the cooling water isn't cold enough" has often fallen upon the shaking heads and wry grins of Engineers in many locations around the world.

<unsubscribes>

In the right locations, a river or an ocean can supply 10dC water indefinitely. In the case of rivers, there may be a regulatory upper limit on discharge water temperature.

The first and second laws of thermodynamics

In essence these take advantage of the fact that as you compress a gas it gets hotter. (You know of this when a bicycle pump gets hot) and when you let it expand it gets colder.

So you compress a gas from room temperature and you get some compressed gas that is now hot at a higher pressure.

This hot compressed gas is now cooled back to room temperature. It is still compressed.

You then allow it to expand and it gets cooler.

For refrigeration you choose a gas that turns into a liquid when cooled back to room temperature. So you compress this gas and cool it - as it cools it condenses into cold liquid at high pressure. This piece of equipment is called the "condenser"

You now have cold liquid under pressure.

It is then allowed to expand into another space called the "evaporator" and it gets cold. You use this cold for your intended purpose.

Thank you so much for the information you gave . It was very much helpful.

Thank you everyone for your explanations. I got the concept that we use cooling towers , different evaporators or concept of expanding the gas to produce cooling effect for this purpose. Sorry for late response, ambient conditions are varying from 25 deg C to 40 deg C. Is their any other way other than use of chemical substances to control the effect of varying ambient conditions.

There are a large number of refrigerants, including water....
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_refrigerants

https://colibris.home.xs4all.nl/pages/principle.html

Cooling tower water is not controlled in any way, as the thing that determines the temperature of the water is, as already stated, the ambient conditions prevailing at the location of the installation.

Given that this post is in the Mechanical Engineering section, and nothing much in the way of process fundamentals is taught in those courses, it is possible that a local training course in the fundamentals of Chemical Engineering would be of value. CR4 does not offer such a course.

The concept of cooling tower design and operation can be found in Kempe's Engineers' Yearbook, any edition, in The Chemical Engineer's Handbook by Perry, any edition, and a number of other places.

Condensers are usually air cooled by natural radiation into the ambient air, or fan force cooled with ambient air, or water cooled, where there is a ready supply of cold water, or where the water itself is recycled through a cooler which might be air cooled, or through a cooling tower.