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Join Date: Aug 2007
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Why Capacitor use in Rectifier Ckt

08/19/2007 6:01 PM

Hello,

Why capacitor use in D.C. rectifier Ckt.

I have no more knowledge but only i have know that filter the D.C. supply but already diode convert AC to DC than Why need Filter & How capacitor filter it

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Guru
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#1

Re: Why Capacitor use in Rectifier Ckt

08/19/2007 6:24 PM

The diode doesn't convert AC to DC.

AC input looks like this:

The diodes (in a full bridge configuration) convert it to this:

The purpose of the capacitor is to filter the positive alternating voltage into a nice flat DC voltage. The capacitor, and the load impedance, form a lowpass filter that removes the higher frequency components of the positive alternating voltage, and leaves the DC component behind, so you get this:

Read more here:

http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/acdc.htm

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Guru
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#3
In reply to #1

Re: Why Capacitor use in Rectifier Ckt

08/20/2007 1:22 AM

"The purpose of the capacitor is to filter the positive alternating voltage into a nice flat DC voltage. The capacitor, and the load impedance, form a lowpass filter that removes the higher frequency components of the positive alternating voltage, and leaves the DC component behind, so you get this:"

To be more simple and precise to understand the capacitance get charged during the upward motion of the rectified wave (two half cycles )and discharge during downward motion of the wave resulting almost constant DC voltage to the output circuit of the rectifier as given in the third figure .

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Guru
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#4
In reply to #1

Re: Why Capacitor use in Rectifier Ckt

08/20/2007 10:43 AM

Hey BHiii nice pics... dunno how you got 'em into this message writing thingy.

I do love a nice sin wave!

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#2

Re: Why Capacitor use in Rectifier Ckt

08/19/2007 11:10 PM

The capacitors are also used in

  1. To get DC waveform
  2. To improve the power factor
  3. To reduce the harmonics

Now most of SMPS are of PFC( Power factor corrected ) power supplies which will load as unity power factor on the system. This is to be in-compliant with IEEE.IEC and EMC standards on power supply.

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#5
In reply to #2

Re: Why Capacitor use in Rectifier Ckt

08/21/2007 6:37 AM

Please correct me if I am wrong, is it not that capacitor will amplify harmonics?

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#6
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Re: Why Capacitor use in Rectifier Ckt

08/27/2007 11:03 PM

True,The capacitors tend to amplify the harmonics. But in most of SMPS circuits tuned filter ( tuned for 3rd Harmonics ) are used and consists of inductor and capacitor. this works as pass filter and remove all 3rd harmonics generated by SMPS

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