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Nichrome Resistance Wire Globule Formation

07/18/2017 5:56 AM

The said resistance was there in one MV drive ACS1000 in pre charging ciorcuit.

After it failed we found the following

A puncturing mark was observed on the resistance body indicating localised heating. On further analysis, small globules at wire tip at the point of puncture were also observed on magnification which indicates that the resistance wire has melted at the puncture point due to excessive localized heating & subsequently leading to pre-mature failure.

can we say that the resistance failed because of material defect

as wattage and operating conditions was found to be OK

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#1

Re: Nichrome Resistance Wire Globule Formation

07/18/2017 9:02 AM

Can't see any detail in your circuit diagram. Can you upload it somewhere (e.g. Dropbox) and post a link here?

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#2

Re: Nichrome Resistance Wire Globule Formation

07/18/2017 11:47 AM

imo if the wire is defective, it's not the wires fault, it's the quality control, and that must be proven....

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#3

Re: Nichrome Resistance Wire Globule Formation

07/18/2017 12:31 PM

It is indeed difficult to see the details of that drawing, but yes this is part of the pre-charge circuit of the DC bus, used to avoid damaging the capacitors and diode bridge(s) from capacitor charging current inrush. So the nichrome wire is basically acting as a current limiting resistor.

One of the big problems with this type of pre-charge circuit on large VFDs, especially MV, is the fact that in most cases, the VFD is isolated off-line via a contactor. So EVERY time you want to run the drive, the contactor is closed and the pre-charge circuit is stressed. As a gross general rule, these circuits last for about 8,000 cycles, which is not a lot if the VFD is being cycled multiple times per day. The design theory was likely that on something big enough to warrant an ACS1000 drive, a typical user would not be cycling it on and off a lot, so 8k operations, if cycled once or twice per day, is a long time. Unfortunately ABB never actually told their customers this... In other words you may have just worn it out.

On one project I am involved with that has these drives in place, they suffered this same fate. We have been told by ABB that they are no longer going to support them, I can't help but imagine this is one of the reasons. .

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#4

Re: Nichrome Resistance Wire Globule Formation

07/18/2017 1:32 PM

With the limited information provided, I don't think you can reasonably narrow this down to defective material being most likely.

In the photo provided with the 'puncture' circled in red, just to the right of the circled area, there appears to be significant corrosion on the wire, as if something detrimental made contact with the Nichrome while it was hot.

The wire needs to be inspected to rule out pitting and other corrosions.

The break also strikes me as particularly jagged for something caused by a material defect which might have increased resistance over a portion of the cross section. The break suggests, to me, an initial crack that resulted in reduced cross section and subsequent localized over heating and failure.

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#8
In reply to #4

Re: Nichrome Resistance Wire Globule Formation

07/19/2017 12:40 PM

Or the brittle vitreous resistor covering cracked as a result of wire failure and the extreme heat of the arc formed as the conductor with the microscopic inclusion or gas bubble parted...

I find it hard to believe that any MV drive front end would be powered down more than a few times a year for maintenance, except for those nuts who hook those circuits to the production machine E-Stop circuit.

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#9
In reply to #8

Re: Nichrome Resistance Wire Globule Formation

07/19/2017 4:31 PM

"...I find it hard to believe that any MV drive front end would be powered down more than a few times a year for maintenance, except for those nuts who hook those circuits to the production machine E-Stop circuit."

And therein lies the problem... People don't ask the mfr in advance if that's a good idea or not. Or they ask the question of a salesman, who doesn't want to lose the sale, so he tells them it's fine.

I have one going on right now where the end user is annoyed by the noise of the fans running continuously, so they were powering their 1,000HP MV drive down whenever it was not being told to run. Luckily they mentioned it to me in passing during a different conversation and I was able to direct them to the setting that automatically powers the fans down when the heat sinks cool off.

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#10
In reply to #9

Re: Nichrome Resistance Wire Globule Formation

07/19/2017 6:02 PM

all I can say is WOW!

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#5

Re: Nichrome Resistance Wire Globule Formation

07/18/2017 4:37 PM

The real question: Was this "defect" present after a long time in place, and functioning normally, or did you just receive this, and it does not function?

Was something massive and edgy dropped on the circuit board?

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#6

Re: Nichrome Resistance Wire Globule Formation

07/19/2017 10:41 AM

I had a similar issue with a resistor set up to control phase angle going into a thyristor. The resistor was technically large enough for the intended current flow, but thermal cycling fractured ceramic coating on the power resistor and resulted in failure of the resistance wire. In that case, the solution was to go to an oversized wattage resistor by a factor of two and the failures of the ceramic due to thermal cycling went away.

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#7
In reply to #6

Re: Nichrome Resistance Wire Globule Formation

07/19/2017 12:21 PM

Makes perfect sense to me. I always seem to choose the lesser of two weevils, when in some cases, the greater of the two is more suitable.

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#11

Re: Nichrome Resistance Wire Globule Formation

07/25/2017 3:14 PM

JRaef writes that the life of these resistors is ~8000 cycles & maker is withdrawing support.

comments...

  1. This will almost certainly be a short-term rated component.
  2. Rate of temperature rise will be much higher than normal rating.
  3. Failure will be due stress on rapid heating eventually causing mechanical failure.
  4. Failure initiation is localised.
  5. You can stop turning drive on so often.
  6. Or replace failing resistor with several in series/parallel which have much higher current rating.
  7. Higher current rating will mean more resistor metal to reduce temperature rise & stress.
  8. "Electric firebar" type able to expand freely might be alternative.
  9. Space in drive/temperature may limit replacement options.
  10. Brutal approach of fitting well-rated resistors in external housing might be needed if you insist on turning drive on/off a lot.
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