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Closed-Loop Recycling of Plastics Enabled by Dynamic Covalent Diketoenamine Bonds

05/08/2019 7:44 PM

"Recycled plastics are low-value commodities due to residual impurities and the degradation of polymer properties with each cycle of re-use. Plastics that undergo reversible polymerization allow high-value monomers to be recovered and re-manufactured into pristine materials, which should incentivize recycling in closed-loop life cycles. However, monomer recovery is often costly, incompatible with complex mixtures and energy-intensive. Here, we show that next-generation plastics—polymerized using dynamic covalent diketoenamine bonds—allow the recovery of monomers from common additives, even in mixed waste streams. Poly(diketoenamine)s ‘click’ together from a wide variety of triketones and aromatic or aliphatic amines, yielding only water as a by-product. Recovered monomers can be re-manufactured into the same polymer formulation, without loss of performance, as well as other polymer formulations with differentiated properties. The ease with which poly(diketoenamine)s can be manufactured, used, recycled and re-used—without losing value—points to new directions in designing sustainable polymers with minimal environmental impact"

Bottom line: Plastics are polymers made from stringing together monomer molecules. This is a new way to create polymers so that the process is reversible, allowing recovery of the monomers so that they can be recycled 100% into new plastic.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41557-019-0249-2#Abs1

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#1

Re: Closed-loop recycling of plastics enabled by dynamic covalent diketoenamine bonds

05/08/2019 8:28 PM

Interesting. Let's hope it comes true.

We're still left with billions of tons of plastic waste from today but, it's a start.

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#2

Re: Closed-loop recycling of plastics enabled by dynamic covalent diketoenamine bonds

05/08/2019 9:35 PM

There's still the problem of a contaminated waste stream and the cost associated processing....but it does seem to be a step in the right direction...

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#3

Re: Closed-loop recycling of plastics enabled by dynamic covalent diketoenamine bonds

05/09/2019 6:48 AM

I have a radical idea:Lets go back to waxed cardboard containers,paper straws,refillable bottles,paper bags,all of which are biodegradable or recyclable. What a concept.The baby boomers made ecological sense. Corporate greed,always seeking a cheaper alternative regardless of the means;"Damn the future torpedoes,full greed ahead!", has caused many of the ecological problems we have today.Even a pig, if given free reign and adequate room,will not crap where he eats or sleeps.We have even taken our littering into space,as far as we have been so far.If the human race survives,we may find that space is not infinite and that we can fill it up with our trash.

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#4
In reply to #3

Re: Closed-loop recycling of plastics enabled by dynamic covalent diketoenamine bonds

05/09/2019 8:27 AM

A lot of these plastics have made food stay fresher much longer also helping reduce food spoilage and waste. Plastic versus glass requires a lot less energy to get the product to it's destination. Waxed cardboard is difficult to recycle and you are now using another petroleum product for packaging, etc. etc. etc.

Corporate greed. Corporations are owned by the stockholders, usually people just like you and me.

Don't worry about filling space with trash. It's very expensive to put it there. Don't count out Mother Nature. She's a lot more powerful than most give her credit for.

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#6
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Re: Closed-loop recycling of plastics enabled by dynamic covalent diketoenamine bonds

05/09/2019 11:12 AM

Paper straws are useless....I remember them well, they would always collapse before your drink was finished, and for a milkshake forget it...Plastic straws were a Godsend...Let's not throw the baby out with the bathwater....You want to replace plastic, do it with something better, but let's not revert to substandard products...Paper bags were replaced with plastic, to save trees, I remember the hype at the time....I myself prefer the canvas bags, they hold more, the're strong, they have handles, the're cheap....

...and the insulated bags keep food cold and frozen foods frozen....

...= better...

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#8
In reply to #6

Re: Closed-loop recycling of plastics enabled by dynamic covalent diketoenamine bonds

05/10/2019 12:32 AM

Whats so difficult about picking up a glass and tipping the contents into your mouth, forget the straw (unless you have a broken jaw or motor neuron disease.)

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#10
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Re: Closed-loop recycling of plastics enabled by dynamic covalent diketoenamine bonds

05/10/2019 8:25 AM

Funny you mention that- I didn't even think about it.

I had a broken jaw when I was a teenager and it's not fun. Especially when you're trying to suck pureed stews and milkshakes day in and out for 6 weeks. Cheap straws just didn't cut it.

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#12
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Re: Closed-loop recycling of plastics enabled by dynamic covalent diketoenamine bonds

05/13/2019 6:48 PM

That's why they call them sanitary straws, bypass the germs....Who wants to put their mouth on a cup that has been exposed to handling in a commercial setting...

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#5

Re: Closed-loop recycling of plastics enabled by dynamic covalent diketoenamine bonds

05/09/2019 9:16 AM

I do think the closed loop plastic is a major breakthrough in the right direction. We cannot replace all plastics with waxed cardboard. What they are talking about so far with the PDK are recyclable casings for your cell phone or cpu - plastics which at this point are not at all recyclable. If the PDK can be developed to create different types of plastic which fulfill all the valid uses for plastic, this would be ideal. By valid uses, I mean where plastic is ideally suited by comparison with other materials, for reasons which for one application or another may include: hygiene; shipping weight; smallest ecological footprint, etc.

Solving the packaging problem is not as simple as banning plastic bags, apparently:

https://qz.com/1585027/when-it-comes-to-climate-change-cotton-totes-might-be-worse-than-plastic/

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#9
In reply to #5

Re: Closed-loop recycling of plastics enabled by dynamic covalent diketoenamine bonds

05/10/2019 12:43 AM

Are you suggesting everybody should go naked?....or just wrap themselves in old plastic bags?

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#11
In reply to #9

Re: Closed-loop recycling of plastics enabled by dynamic covalent diketoenamine bonds

05/10/2019 9:28 AM

I think the take home message is to use what you already have, and keep re-using until shreds.

The reusable shopping bags that became available at my usual supermarket here about 15 years ago were the non-woven fabric type, and they have lasted pretty well. Only in the past year I've had to replace a few that were finally disintegrating. Estimating shopping trips twice a month, 24 reuses per year, 240 in ten years, it's not impossible to get the footprint down there, depending on the product. Friend of mine has a cotton bag she got from her grandmother, and is pretty sure it's going to last another 40 years. There are a few things on the list that don't cut it and that would include any product that doesn't hold up to the necessary number of reuses. Paper bags look pretty challenging at ? 43 re-uses ???? despite how pleasantly natural they seem.

As for clothing the old jeans I wear around the house are darn close to naked, not much left but the patches. I'll be buying new jeans that are sturdy and top quality, and will last as long as possible. Cotton and leather are the two favorite fibers for me, I don't intend to change. I didn't give up leather when it became politically incorrect and I'm still wearing the same jacket I was then! While more dutiful citizens have sent dozens of jazzy synthetics to the landfill in that time. Footprints and ethics are rarely as simple as it seems.

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#7

Re: Closed-Loop Recycling of Plastics Enabled by Dynamic Covalent Diketoenamine Bonds

05/09/2019 11:08 PM

"This is a new way to create polymers so that the process is reversible, allowing recovery of the monomers so that they can be recycled 100% into new plastic."

That's about the only statement of significant value that I see in this article- that it's a new way to do it, not that nothing else can do it.

Polyacetal.

Nylons and other aramides.

Polycarbonates (well, sort of).

What do all these have in common?

They and some other plastics all can be hydrolised to monomers, which can then (if desired) be repolymerized- and this can be done from mixed waste streams, although high levels of PVC and still often buggers things up a bit and mixtures of hydrolisable polymers can yeild a mixture of monomers.

The diagram shows enolization and amination of the ketone functions. It doesn't show the polymerization process, which is a whole 'nother ball game. At the end of the day this is just another option, and its major usage is going to be wherever its physical and chemical properties make it a good fit performance and economy wise.

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