Basic Quantum Mechanics

Here is an explanation of "Collapse of the wave function"...

If we live in a simulation, then Quantum Mechanics may just be a software bug...

I concluded long ago that a transistor is a quantum device. The base substrate lies between the emitter and the collector. Yet when you draw current through the 3 sections, the collector voltage can go below the base voltage. I measured 0.1V on the collector with respect to the emitter with the base at 0.7V when I tried this back in High School. How can this happen? If the electron is a wave then it could be spanning the very narrow base substrate.

I measured 0.1V on the collector with respect to the emitter with the base at 0.7V when I tried this back in High School. How can this happen?

I think this is the answer:

With an NPN transistor, you have two junctions, the one between the base-emitter, and the one between the collector-base. So when you measure 0.1 V on the collector, the other side of the base-collector junction is at 0.8 volts. 0.1 V is dropped across the base leaving 0.7 V. The 0.7 V drops across the base-emitter junction.

The current goes "up-hill" from the collector to base, and back "down-hill" from base to collector. Forward biasing the base-emitter junction puts carriers in the base so that conduction can occur between collector and emitter.

(Standard current direction is assumed from positive to negative, the reverse of electron flow.)

https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/transistor/tran_2.html

From previous post (#3)...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bjt_equilibrium_bands_v2.svg

Perhaps, but there are quantum transistors. " As physical geometry becomes very small, electrons may be treated as the quantum mechanical equivalent: a wave.":

https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/semiconductors/chpt-2/quantum-devices/