DC Emission?

Just think of a full wave bridge rectifier. It has a AC input and a DC output. The feedline connects to the AC terminal, and the dipole elements connect to the DC terminal. There is no ground.

I guess one could use diodes for the bridge, but the artifacts would be many and dirty. Not only would the diodes generate harmonics, but the resonance timing would be thrown off and weaken the signal.

We want to be able to compare the DC outputs.....to classical AC outputs.

So, we need to use precision rectifiers. These use op-amps. op-amps limit frequency. Frequency limit antenna separation for experiment.

I would recommend using a two channel function generator. Connect telescopic antennas directly to the generator ports....180 degrees out of phase for a AC conventional signal. Tune with extra wire and fine tune with telescopic action. The maximum frequency will be determined by your function generator. You need the precision rectified waveform selection. The higher the better...for antenna separation. Try for somewhere between 10 and 15 MHz. If you can generate a higher clean signal.....go for it.

After you have established a conventional AC rf link, Switch the generator from sine wave to rectified waveform and look for a difference on the receiver.

Did you see any change in level?

It is likely to introduce harmonic distortion into the signal. Therefore the emissions from the antenna will likely go outside the licensed waveband and cause interference to other licensed users of the radiomagnetic spectrum.

The local licensing authority may take it as far as withdrawing the broadcasting licence for the installation, meaning that the user has achieved nothing as a result of this modification, the intent of which has been withheld from the forum.

Any antenna is fed, with a succession of pi's. One pi at a time and one pi right after another pi. Each pi is 180 degrees. Normally the pi's are alternated. As per Maxwell. But we are going to disprove Maxwell. And the first demonstration is to show that alternation is NOT necessary for emission. After you see this, there are some other things to see. Like how to emit one photon from a dipole. But you need to see this first.....to fire your interest.

An EM wave can only exist when connected to the source.......as the waveform occupying the space around a circuit. Those fields have wave functions.

When this waveform is cut and emitted.......that electrical region of disturbance........is no longer a wave form. It's an intermittent strobe. This is a duty cycle function.....not a wave function.

Each pi input.............outputs one strobe. For each 360 input at feedpoint.......two strobes are produced. At the end of every 180 degrees......a strobe is emitted in a snap.....it's an instant emission of a chunk of electrical disturbance.

Once you see and confirm this, we will continue with other setups......showing how mistaken we are of light.

But first, we need to emit a DC emission. For the non-believers. Until someone sees this....only speculation and impossibility will continue.

After you do this setup......most generators have a AM modulating function. Turn that on....and you will see that modulation works just fine with a DC carrier signal.......just like it does with a AC carrier signal.

And later, by emitting just one photon, we can measure true one direction light velocity.

But the quickest and easiest way to do this is to rectify the feedpoint of a dipole. It changes things when people can see things for themselves.

And a circuit simulator won't help you with this one. Simulators use Maxwell math.

An afternoon of milliwatt interference on low frequency will not cause any harm. A 30 second milliwatt key-down is enough to see this.

And I wish I could see your face when you see this.

The only way you can get a DC emission is with an infinitely long antenna.

The antenna does not have to be infinitely long. It only needs to be as long as the distance from the transmitter to the receiver. We usually refer to this as a wire...

As in the old telegraph signals. Noise was irrelevant.

or with a high enough frequency you can get a plasma.

sorry I meant high enough "voltage".

Possibly using the hertz vector formula...?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertz_vector

When we precision rectify at the feedpoint input, we are applying the same pi's, the same signals, it's just removing the alternation.....that is the only thing we change from normal operation.

Think about it. A dipole element gets a positive pi current, then a negative pi current, one after another. Intermittent currents.....1/2 period currents, 1/2 wavelength currents, 1/2 frequency currents.

Think about it. How are you going to get current to flow in an unterminated conductor if you do not alternate the polarity of the applied voltage?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipole_antenna

Er, um, some antennae have a connection between the signal terminal and the ground terminal: omnidirectional ones such as VHF radio reception antennae, and the "slim-Jim" and "J-pole" antennae used by radio amateurs fit this description. None of these is a <...Dipole antenna...>.

Just sayin'.

The voltage that is driving that intermittent pi current is a intermittent pi voltage too. The only thing we are changing is the direction of that current. We are keeping the polarity constant on the elements. Just like a full wave bridge.

This shouldn't be that hard to grasp.

Maybe some could see this in a different manner. Instead of rectifying, let's think of gating. For all the software guys out there. We will use gates, instead of rectifiers. We can gate the feedline at the feedpoint. All positive pi's get gated to one element and the neg pi's gated to the other element. This should be easy, because the gate is at the crossover. A Tayloe detector can gate a received signal at 4 times the RX frequency. We only need two times. With 4 GHz desktop processors and mother boards we should be able to gate crossovers in the VHF and UHF ranges. The military can probably do much better. For analyzing radar.

We can talk about it for days, but you'll talk a lot more after seeing it.

I'm not at all sure what you mean by a "pi current"

"The only thing we are changing is the direction of that current. We are keeping the polarity constant on the elements."

In order to change the direction of a current, you must change the polarity of the voiltage causing that current.

How are you adding information to this signal you are sending? If there is no signal its just random noise.

A sine wave has two humps. A +hump and a -hump. 1 hump of voltage or current is one pi. Two humps and 2 pi's...make one full wavelength sine wave. 1 pi is 1/2 wavelength of current or voltage. 1/2 period of current or voltage. Of a sine wave. 180 degrees of a sine wave.

Normally, we feed 1 pi into one element, then feed the opposite pi into the same element. That's 1/2 wavelength and 1/2 period of current........then stop.......then feed the opposite 1/2 period of current. And so forth. Two stops and reversals(alternations) for every 1 wavelength put in. The voltage and current has to stop.....to turn around. This alternates the voltage and the current.....on that element. And we get emission.

For this experiment, we want to direct those same humps....NOT to alternate....and switch them to the same element all the time. This can not be done via a feedline.

A + voltage and a +current will always be on one element, and the negative will always be on the other element. But both elements are still being fed with intermittent successive pi's.

The only information needed for this experiment.....is the presence of a comparative signal.

A function generator can insure the normal AC and experimental DC signals have the same input levels at feedpoint. Today's generators have displays and parameters of generated signals.

Once that DC rf carrier link is established, we can AM modulate that signal with the generator....and check for successful modulation....for information transfer. But first, let's see what the receiver can pick up....with a DC signal. We will need a receiver with a BFO.

These are AC (Alternating Current) signals:-

On the second half of each voltage "hump" the current has to reverse to "restore" the voltage.

The output signal or waveform of a full-wave bridge rectifier is essentially an AC voltage waveform with a fundamental frequency twice that of the input AC signal superimposed on a DC voltage that is centered on the AC waveform. In addition, this AC waveform is not a pure sine wave, but has many well-known harmonics of sine wave frequencies. When all these are added together you get the actual observed waveform of the full-wave bridge rectifier output signal.

Apply this signal to a dipole antenna. The DC portion of the signal will not be radiated by the antenna (the dipole length would have to be infinite). The superimposed AC will, but only as an AC signal if the dipole length is selected for the imposed frequency. Harmonics will also radiate to some extent. There will be NO DC signal coming from the antenna. I believe Nikolai Tesla experimented with power transmission with AC signals.

As an aside, long-distance power transmission lines in the USA have a limited length based on the 60-Hz frequency of the input power. When the line is long enough it becomes an RF antenna, losing all its input power to radiation. These lines have other practical problems, such as capacitive charging currents between the conductors, and difficulty with maintaining a locked frequency between the originating and destination locations. Thus, grid inter-ties are often very high voltage DC lines. Think back to the famous East Coast power failure a few decades ago, started by the loss of one generating station and propagated by the protective relay settings' reaction to the sudden power demand surges from one area to the next. DC inter-ties did not exist then--now, the effects from such a failure would be relatively localized.

--JMM

A sine wave in injected into a dipole element. Another sine wave, 180 out from first sine wave is injected into the second element. There are two sine waves going into antenna at same time.

During the first 180 input.....one pi of input.......one element is loaded to 180 degrees + and the other element.....180 degrees -.......which makes 360 degrees input to dipole. With only a 180 input duration into the dipole. Because we are feeding at both ends.

We have two pi's.......going into antenna......one pi to one element and 1 opposite pi to the other element. At the same time.

Continuously injected into dipole. NOW.....put a switch in each feedline conductor. Now just switch the conductors.....so.......the same polarity goes into the same element.

The pi's injected........are the same pi's. These pi's emit with normal alternation. I have found that they emit.......when NOT alternated.

Let's see what you find. And how you would explain it.

Sine wave injected into one pole of the dipole relative to what?

Could you show me how to wire up this hypothesis? If you can't wire it, it can't exist.

Here is what I found: Your description is incomplete and therefore cannot be understood or explained.

I agree. All that happens is you build a charge on the element equal to the voltage of the driver. It will discharge through the air around it but not at frequency. You may see a signal at the receiver at first, but then within a few cycles the charge builds up and no more bullets Elmer,

Relative to the elements. The element is open. It can be charged. Degrees are referenced to feedpoint. It starts out neutral, then the element is charged at a cosine rate, and then at the very time(180 degrees) of the maximum peak charge, at the tip of the element, the pole is discharged with an instant field collapse. Only this collapse, does not fall back in.....this collapse falls out into space. Emission.

It takes 90 degrees of input to get the peak E poles to the feedpoint. At 90 degrees the poles change direction. All the way down the feedline, these poles have been traveling together down the feedline. These two peak poles have been canceling each other all the way. Now, when the reach the feedpoint, these poles start to separate. From 90 degrees to 180 degrees, these poles stretch an electric field between them. At 180 degrees that separation is 1/2 wavelength. Those two peak poles are traveling very fast. If it were not for a velocity factor of the element, those poles are at 2 times c. When those two poles try to stop at the tips, They break...and the E field emits. The E field itself has a velocity of c.....but the breakage stop velocity is at 2 times c.....and the field snaps out. Leaving the element neutral again......for the next pi charging. It's that sudden stop of those peak poles......that breaks and emits the field. The emission is the chunk of that stretched pole field. In transmit mode, the dipole is an E pole discharge device. E discharged into space. TWO 1/2 WL chunks per cycle.

Light is intermittent and chunky. With dead space between the chunks. It's a duty cycle, not a frequency.

If I'm not clear, a diode bridge at the feedpoint, with a few milliwatts of HF excitation will show it to you. No more than a few seconds and it will be dirty. A function generator is much better. And much more controllable and clean for comparison.

I was trying to give an experiment that would show this to you........in case I could not explain it to you. Sorry for the confusion.

I think what he is describing is Morse code type signal,one bit at the time.

Because the carrier signal alternates between two antennas, would the antenna length be cut in half with only half frequency on each pole? Is that the advantage of splitting the signal?

It doesn’t seem like a receiver would care too much, except for maybe distortion resulting from two different locations of the source, or cross coupling of the two signals into the antenna element...

What about an array of antennae that pulse in a timed manner that creates a harmonic wave that can be focused to combine at the point of reception to enhance the signal...?

Like one of these?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_electronically_scanned_array

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AN/APG-81

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AN/APG-77

Yes this seems very close, the secret sauce being in the programming....

https://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/elec-tricks-turning-aesa-radars-into-broadband-comlinks-01629/

Think about time and motion in reference to a 360 degree input. With accepted theory, a positive alternation is applied to one element and a negative alternation is applied to the other element. At the same time. At the end of this alternation, which is at 180 degrees input, the polarities are switched, and the inverse alternations are applied....for another 180 degrees. FOUR 180 degree inputs are applied for every 360 degree input. 2 in one element and 2 in the other element for every 360 degree at input. There are 2 emissions for every 1 cycle in.

I used 15 MHz. A two channel function generator. I put a 3-4 ft telescopic antenna, with a BNC connector, on each channel of FG. Added wire to antenna to tune to 15 MHz. Use tele for fine tune.

Set generator to precision....full wave rectify. Set one channel for positive rectify and the other channel to negative rectify. At 15 MHz. You can set one channel up....and just invert it for the other channel.

You will be feeding a DC signal into antenna. Positive pi bumps on one element and negative pi bumps on the other element.

Set the generator for normal operation first. To transmit a carrier and receive it on ham radio with bfo at 75 ft distance. On 15 MHz. That means normal sine on one channel and same sine, but 180 out, on the other channel. A normal fed dipole. Receive weak signal on ham unit at 75 feet. A normal rf link. Connect antennas directly to generator.......NO FEED LINES!!!

Then switch generator to precision full rectify. Do you see any difference to the signal at ham receiver?

Don't put anything away and go get a digital capture oscilloscope for next experiment. We are going to transmit one photon.....and then catch it.

Haymaker,

Your posts sound like you have assembled the components onto an apparatus to test for signal transmission. Correct?

Each half of the dipole antenna is supposedly receiving a signal that has a positive (or negative) pulse separated in time by a zero signal for half of the total transmitting time at the stated frequency of 15 MHz. Correct?

Each half of the dipole is actually receiving a significantly modified AC signal that is effectively positive and then effectively negative at the stated frequency of 15 MHz. It is transmitting this signal with accompanying harmonic noise. Correct?

Each half of the dipole is receiving and transmitting signals that are 180 degrees out of phase with each other. Since one half is effectively negative while the other half is actually negative, and vice-versa, the receiving antenna will receive a signal that is larger than the signal transmitted by either half of the dipole. There will still be accompanying harmonic noise. Correct?

What are your conclusions at the end of this experiment????

--JMM

If I understand correctly? The signals you intend to apply to the two transmitting aerials are these voltage signals:-

Once again I point out that these are AC signals. The 0V point for each aerial is arbitrary, and, the current must reverse each time the driving voltage "crosses" the voltage of the driven point.

"Each half of the dipole antenna is supposedly receiving a signal that has a positive (or negative) pulse separated in time by a zero signal for half of the total transmitting time at the stated frequency of 15 MHz. Correct?"

Not sure....receiving a signal from where? The dynamic of the dipole depends if it is receiving or transmitting. For transmitting a dipole "receives" it's signal from the feedline. This is an end fed sequential feed. For receiving, the dipole is broadside fed. Completely different kinds of current.

I have not discussed detection in detail yet, so I'm assuming your question is for transmit mode.

So the answer to your question is INCORRECT. Do you know what a precision fully rectified sine is?

Again.....we put a precision fully rectified 15MHz sine into one element. AND a precision fully rectified 15MHz sine into the other element. One element always get the positive sines....and the other always get the negative sines. They are both continuous strings a half sines. one +and one -.

The ONLY difference from a normal dipole function...is...we have removed the alternation.

Do you understand and agree that you understand up to this point? Are my descriptions that confusing? The only difference is that we have removed the normal alternation.

The purpose of this first experiment is to show you that alternation(or wave function) is NOT necessary for emission.....as Maxwell"s equation says.

Next we will emit one photon from dipole. But you need to see the DC emission first.

"Each half of the dipole is actually receiving a significantly modified AC signal that is effectively positive and then effectively negative at the stated frequency of 15 MHz. It is transmitting this signal with accompanying harmonic noise. Correct?"

I don't understand what harmonic noise has to do with anything. Unless you are referring to using diodes for rectification. Use precision rectification with function generator. And when you use receive, instead of feed, it makes it confusing.

"Each half of the dipole is receiving and transmitting signals that are 180 degrees out of phase with each other. Since one half is effectively negative while the other half is actually negative, and vice-versa, the receiving antenna will receive a signal that is larger than the signal transmitted by either half of the dipole. There will still be accompanying harmonic noise. Correct?"

Ditto.

Once you do these experiments.....believe me......your questions will change.

This reminds me of a graphics speed problem that was solved by assuming that all the points were 0's, then you just needed to fill in the one's, automatically doubling the speed because you only needed roughly half the graphic information...could we assume that half is negative in the binary code and just transmit the positive portion to complete the message...?

What is the purpose of this attempt...speed? cryptic communication? invisibility? no purpose?

Randall, those are the correct signals applied. They do hit a REAL zero.....you will understand after experiment.

Those signals do not alternate. They are sequential..same polarity..with two zeros and 2 charging events during one 360 input. Two chunk emissions per 360 input. Emission takes no time, propagation has 1/2 period duration, and detection takes one full period.

The are several purposes for this experiment.

First....for you to see what I am telling you. That propagation is NOT a wave. The narrative and theory for light is not true....and all of our science is based on it.

2. Disprove Maxwell.

3. Emit one photon from a dipole.

4. Measure one path velocity of c.

5. And therefore....be able to measure the RELATIVE velocity of light.

6. Demonstrate the real dynamic of red shift. This will disprove spacetime.

7. An active rf channel.....is only active 50% of the time. We can use that time to double the bandwidth.

8. Be able, to separately measure, the relative v of emitter and relative v of detector....with beam of light.

9. Realize that the inertia and reactance of our sensors ARE added to our measurement results. And the higher the rate...the more error is introduced. It's a curved error with rate. This gives us a false sense of velocity and frequency. And expose the false properties of velocity.

A personal note.

I just got home from Mohs surgery. One could drop a golf ball into the hole they cut in my face. Right beside my nose. I couldn't believe the size of that hole. But the repair looks real good.....very impressed with the plastic surgery, the next few weeks will tell. I have to take some pain pills, for this pool pocket is really starting to ache.

First, I wish you a fast and complete recovery from your surgery.

Second, I wish you had chosen some other title for the thread. You clearly are NOT talking about DC, especially when you provide a frequency!

"I am telling you. That propagation is NOT a wave." What is your alternative?

What is it that causes your dipole to emit a photon instead of electromagnetic waves of a frequency related to your original signal (Plus harmonics)?

I'm certainly open to new ideas, but disproving Maxwell is a very tall order!

First: good luck for a full recovery.

Consider these voltage signals:-

Is this an AC signal:-

Is this a DC signal:-

https://thedebrief.org/darpa-funded-electric-sky-on-threshold-of-aviation-revolution-with-whisper-beam/

The top image is an AC signal because it changes polarity. But that signal does not come out of a precision rectifier. A rectifier only passes one polarity. That top signal with a zero reference IS a DC signal.

Conventionally we inject a sequence of alternating half sines into an element. This experiment injects a sequence of non-alternating half sines.

Why am I getting the same signal strength and AM modulation with this DC mode? According to Maxwell I shouldn't even be getting emission.

Why is it....that when I inject only 180 degrees input to TX dipole..............I get a 360 degree output at RX dipole?

So I thought I would seek some verification.

If some will try this, I have several more to verify.

In all these signals the 0V is arbitrary: look at this "walky talky" transmitter designed to work with an FM radio as the receiver:-

Clearly the voltage driving the antenna must always be positive relative to the "0V" rail, but, that 0V rail is almost certainly "floating" relative to earth.

If you mounted a portable transmitter on a truck it would work; if you shorted its 0V rail to the chassis of the truck it would still work; if you shorted the chassis of the truck to earth, the transmitter would still work; if you instead shorted the chassis of the truck to an arbitrary voltage (relative to earth), the transmitter would still work.

Have you ever got a static shock when you you touched another person? Suppose two people who were charged relatively to each other were using walky talkies to talk to each other. Do you think that the fact that the two "0V"s of the two circuits are hundreds of volts apart would affect the transmission.

I suspect that even the Earth's earth is arbitrary relative to say the Sun, the galaxy, or, the universe.

Everything is relative to something else,even time.

I will not argue with A.E.

A signal can vary in amplitude and still be above zero,whatever the local reference point is for zero,but if it oscillates between positive and negative in reference to "zero",it is alternating.

The important point, as I see it, is that charges radiate energy when they are accelerated. A true DC current is a constant movement of charges. Since the average velocity of the charges in a DC current is constant, there is no acceleration, and thus no radiation. Any variation from that constant current requires an acceleration, either increasing or decreasing the velocity of the charges, and so they radiate energy.

The signals the OP is injecting into his dipole halves are NOT DC!

The EM radiation from acceleration is greatly mis-understood. The field around a conductor is very different than a radiated field. One charge of a current flux is being accelerated extremely quickly, de-accelerated very quickly with collision and re-accelerated in another direction, and repeated millions of time a second. The charge makes very little displacement itself. Current is a flux of this dynamic. A flux of intermittence. The first acceleration is caused by voltage, and the accelerated charge is aligned with other accelerations. Giving a collective M field. The acceleration from the collision....is multi-directional. No alignment. No collective field to measure. Even though this mis-aligned current is there.

The M field around a conductor comes from alignment and is collective. It grows with alignment. It has a wave like quality. Once the current field(m field) is established, the distortion(or change of amplitude, phase,freq.) of this alignment can be transferred at fast velocity. This can transfer power or information. Thru the disturbance of the collective field.

If you accelerate a naked charge in space, it will radiate an x-ray of higher F. Lower F must comes from one or more charges....in alignment. If you do align of length of charges to create a collective field, and then dis-associate and cut that alignment at a very quick rate, then instead of the alignment falling back into the charge, the alignment is radiated out from the collective charge. As a strobe. Emission radiation....blinks. It's a hammer, not a wave. A series of hammers. These EM hammers.....ring mass and matter. They vibrate matter....at the hammer rate.

The only DC current I have seen is in a tube. Without collision, it's real DC. And can express a negative resistance effect. But you have to pay for it. Tube acceleration can induce an energy change, into the charge. This causes excess heat and radiation at the plate.

Conventional conductor current always has bounce static(AC) with it. Noise. And believe it or not they have studied this back scatter and have developed processing to nullify a great deal of that static. Apparently the back scatter has a temperature rhyme to it, that can be phased out.

The direction of charge can be changed very quickly, because all that is necessary is the flip the charge. This flip occurs at zero current. This is why a current crossover can occur so quickly. At times it seems to be instant.

SO...if you flip the charge alignment at full current....THAT flip will cut the collective field and radiate it. This is what happens on a dipole element. The voltage potential is timed to flip that current when it is the highest amplitude. This is done with a short dead end path. A very quick stop at full amperage. The collective current field....collapses out into space. Radiation.

Think about this. When you put a positive voltage at one end of a wire, and draw charge, what happens to the tip end voltage? It goes positive........the same potential that is drawing the charge. The more charge you draw, the more positive the tip. This happens on the negative potential phase too. The stronger the excitement gets, the stronger the resistance to it with this voltage build up. What do you think happens to the charge(current) in between these two voltages? Feed-point and tip? It builds up in a spin. That spin formation can be not only broken up, but completely non-aligned to a neutral state, ready for the next input. This is done with geometry.

Imagine a skinny(long but short) triangle. A short leg, a long base and a longer hypotenuse. The short leg is paralleled to the element. The base is the cross section of conductor or element. The hypotenuse is the current spin. It start out at the tip of base at zero. As it grows it spins, instead of flowing in direction of leg. When the field is cut, the charge, only has to move the distance of the leg, to neutralize the element. In a normal conductive circuit, the charge would follow the hypotenuse back down to zero current. But a dipole circuit snaps and breaks.....casting off the collective field. Instead of falling back into the circuit. Down the hypotenuse.

What about the output from a Schmitt trigger?Pretty close,but nothing is perfect.

I would imagine the junction's capacitance would play a major role in it not working very well.