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Anonymous Poster

Semi-conductor name / material

01/12/2008 7:54 PM

What is the name ,or of what material composition is the element that has almost

zero friction when introduced into a subzero Helium liquid or gas environment ?

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#1

Re: Semi-conductor name / material

01/12/2008 9:57 PM

Hello Guest,

Welcome to CR4!

Supercooled liquid helium-4 loses all viscosity below the so-called "lambda point," the temperature at which He-4 begins to exhibit a number of very strange properties. When helium-4 is cooled to below 2.17 kelvins (approx. –271 °C), it becomes a superfluid - a fluid which flows completely without friction. A superfluid behaves in some ways like a normal fluid (with all the properties of a normal fluid) but also as one having superfluid properties: zero viscosity, zero entropy, and infinite thermal conductivity. (It is thus impossible to set up a temperature gradient in a superfluid, much as it is impossible to set up a voltage difference across a superconductor.)

When He-4 is cooled below 200 mK (milli-Kelvin) at pressures above 26 atmospheres, it becomes a crystalline solid having superfluid-like properties. That is, it can flow through itself (I know this sounds strange) completely friction-free. It becomes, at least in part, a "supersolid."

Crystalline He-4 is the only known solid which exhibits these properties.

Hope this is helpful.

-e

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#2
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Re: Semi-conductor name / material

01/13/2008 8:44 AM

That's fascinating Europium!!

I must drop that in to a conversation sometime

John.

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#3
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Re: Semi-conductor name / material

01/13/2008 6:36 PM

Isn't "zero entropy" equivalent to "infinite energy" in compliance to the second law?

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#4
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Re: Semi-conductor name / material

01/14/2008 5:58 AM

There is an interesting article about the supersolid state of He4 in the May 2007 edition of Physics World .

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#5

Re: Semi-conductor name / material

01/14/2008 9:10 AM

Yttrium barium copper oxide

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#6
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Re: Semi-conductor name / material

01/14/2008 10:13 AM

Hello JohnV,

Guest asked, "What is the name [of], or of what material composition is the element that has almost zero friction when introduced into a subzero Helium liquid or gas environment?"

YBCO is a high-temperature superconductor. YBCO does not exhibit properties of a supersolid nor a superfluid when in the superconducting state. These properties manifest only when an appreciable fraction of an element constitutes a Bose-Einstein Condensate. The formation of BECs become possible only at the ultra-low temperatures at which constituent atoms of the material can persist in the quantum ground state.

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#7
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Re: Semi-conductor name / material

01/14/2008 10:34 AM

OK.

This is well beyond my knowledge.

I do remember seeing a photo of liquid helium climbing up the walls of the container. What a strange substance.

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#8
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Re: Semi-conductor name / material

01/14/2008 3:10 PM

I am strictly a layman in a discussion of this topic, having not looked into the physics, etc of cryogenic materials (especially Helium) for ~40 years. I am wondering if you would be so kind as to explain from a physical standpoint how these strange behaviors occur. This is actually the first I've heard of Helium in a solid state.

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