Supercooled liquid helium-4 loses all viscosity below the so-called "lambda point," the temperature at which He-4 begins to exhibit a number of very strange properties. When helium-4 is cooled to below 2.17 kelvins (approx. –271 °C), it becomes a superfluid - a fluid which flows completely without friction. A superfluid behaves in some ways like a normal fluid (with all the properties of a normal fluid) but also as one having superfluid properties: zero viscosity, zero entropy, and infinite thermal conductivity. (It is thus impossible to set up a temperature gradient in a superfluid, much as it is impossible to set up a voltage difference across a superconductor.)
When He-4 is cooled below 200 mK (milli-Kelvin) at pressures above 26 atmospheres, it becomes a crystalline solid having superfluid-like properties. That is, it can flow through itself (I know this sounds strange) completely friction-free. It becomes, at least in part, a "supersolid."
Crystalline He-4 is the only known solid which exhibits these properties.
Guest asked, "What is the name [of], or of what material composition is the element that has almost zero friction when introduced into a subzero Helium liquid or gas environment?"
YBCO is a high-temperature superconductor. YBCO does not exhibit properties of a supersolid nor a superfluid when in the superconducting state. These properties manifest only when an appreciable fraction of an element constitutes a Bose-Einstein Condensate. The formation of BECs become possible only at the ultra-low temperatures at which constituent atoms of the material can persist in the quantum ground state.
I am strictly a layman in a discussion of this topic, having not looked into the physics, etc of cryogenic materials (especially Helium) for ~40 years. I am wondering if you would be so kind as to explain from a physical standpoint how these strange behaviors occur. This is actually the first I've heard of Helium in a solid state.
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