The latest edition of the Institution of Electrical Engineers' "Wiring Regulations" can provide a comprehensive insight into this question.
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There is not an equation that tells you a relation. The answer depends on the type of insulation, frequency of the power, whether it is in conduit or not, number of cables together, etc. You MUST use a table such as the one named by PW or the NEC or whatever. Wherever you live, there is an electrical code that tells you the answer. Ask an electrician.
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