If you are talking about structural design, temperature loads are determined by (a) the temperature variation you wish to consider and (b) the degree of restraint of your structure. In my locale, the lowest temperatures are about -40 degrees Celsius in the winter and the highest temperatures are about +30 in the summer. So that is a 70 degree variation. If you know the coefficient of expansion of the material you are using, you don't need text books on how to determine the temperature stresses.
If a member is pinned at one end and free to move at the opposite end, there are no temperature stresses because the member simply shrinks or expands to meet the demands of the temperature change.
But if a member is fixed at both ends (a situation not usually achievable in practice) the temperature stress in the member may be substantial. You can easily calculate it by considering this: Assume that the member is free to expand or contract. How much will it expand or contract? Now, push or pull the free end with a force necessary to cause an axial deformation equivalent to the calculated temperature strain. That will be the temperature load in the member.
In real life situations, you probably have neither of the above extremes. So, you must satisfy the equations of temperature strain versus those of structural stiffness.
I'm not sure that I have answered your question, but, it not, let me know.
temperature loads
Re: temperature loads
