Capacitors can store a charge and hold it for some length of time, when they are charged with DC. Polarized, electrolytic capacitors are used only in DC circuits, as reversing the current will cause a breakdown of the dielectric. Capacitors rated for AC (or current without regard for polarity) do not store charge per se. They do, however store it and give it up at the rate of the AC it is subjected to, resulting in a current waveform that lags the voltage waveform. All components in an electrical circuit will affect the phase shift between current and voltage.
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We have met the enemy and he is us . . . Walt Kelly