how do i find find vref and alpha in space vector pulse width modulation (pwm) calculation? I have calculated vd, vq, vref, alpha, T1,T2,T0, using the formula. But i feel the way i proceeded is wrong because some of my time values have come negative. My main doubt is to find vd and vq...Can any one guide me cause I have no one to guide me here, can any one pls tell me the steps in detail .....Thank you , its urgent