In an earthed cable, the three phase of a cable are earthed
to a ground.Each of the phase of system is grounded to
earth.
Examples are 1.9/3.3 kv, 3.8/6.6 kv system
whereas, in an unearth system, the phases are not grounded
to earth .As a result of which there are chances of getting
shock by personnel who are operating it. Examples are:
6.6/6.6 kv, 3.3/3.3 kv system.
In Wikipedia, there is a lengthy topic on earthing systems. Check out the difference between TT and IT systems for a full explanation.
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