about fan

Is this a homework question?

You only have to look at the datasheets for the two fan types side-by-side to see each ones advantages and disadvantages. Also see previous threads on CR4 on this subject as I believe it has been answered before.

Additionally an internet or Wikipedia search will give you the answers.

Are you trying to choose a fan for a certain application? If so, what's your application (you may get a clearer answer if you provide more information).

in case of hvac cooling tower, radial fan is better then axial bcoz axial fan use only for induced draft but radial fan may be used for both induced and forced draft

Generally, axial fans will move greater volumes of air with less energy, but they are limited as to the static pressure they encounter, and are not as quiet.

Conversely, centrifugal fans are quieter and can handle greater static pressure, but require more energy, and typically cost somewhat more.

Why power consumption of axial fan is higher than radial fan.

how outlet air discharge of fan is controlled , means by damper or by fan pitch in case of axial and radial fan individually

It is the centrifugal (squirrel-cage) fan that typically takes more power than the axial (propeller) fan. I'm not sure on the theory why.

For control of air flow, dampers, VFDs, or even mechanical speed-varying devices can be used. Variable pitch axial fans are also possible, but I don't recall encountering any except on airplanes and wind turbines.