High Strength Anti-Slip Grip Material

I have read your description over and over, but I can't understand your problem.

In what direction is the motion of the cylinders on the vehicles? Is it axial motion that is the problem?

The first thing that does come to mind is some kind of rubber.

If stops at the end of the shafts are out, as I assume that stops that contact the end of the roller body are, I think something like an EPDM coated roller, as you suggest, might work. That's a lot of point contact pressure though.

yes, axial motion. I apologize for not making this clearer. The rollers lie in the same orientation as the cylinder body so that the cylinder can spin on the rollers like a pig on a spit. The only thing keeping the cylinder in place is the friction of the cylinder on the 4 rollers.

Basically, the material needs to have high friction and be strong enough to withstand ~500PSI.

Safety tread for steps is peel and stick. When it wears out, it can easily be replaced.

It's worth a try. We aren't risking more than a few bucks.

I'm digging around for similar products that use diamond dust that could be more likely to withstand the pressure.

I really appreciate everyone taking the time to help out. This problem has been a real nuisance. It's one of these issues that was never addressed because two critical vendors were playing finger bang (ie pointing at each other) and it isn't a show-stopper, just a nuisance.