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Goin' Nowhere

03/28/2005 3:48 AM

I visited the MIT museum over the weekend. If you're as much of a geek as I am, and you're in the Boston area, it's well worth the trip. The exhibit that intrigued me the most was an "infinite" gear reduction system by artist Arthur Gansen.

The system consists of a motor at one end spinning at 212 RPM, turning a gear train. The gear train consists of 12 gear sets, each with a 50:1 gear reduction, for a total reduction of (1/50)^12 or 4.096x10^(-21). The last gear in the gear train is anchored in a cement block to prevent it from turning. If you work out the math, it will take the motor 2.19 trillion years to rotate the final gear once, so the motor spins happily away at one end, with no motion on the other end.
You can see a picture of the system (taken by some other folks who visited the museum) here, and a good view of the final, immovable gear, here.

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The Engineer
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#1

What does that do to the torque?

03/28/2005 9:23 AM

Is the torque 50^12? Does that mean in 50 billion years or so the gears are gonna break since the block won't turn? Which gear would break, the first or the last?

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#2
In reply to #1

Re:What does that do to the torque?

03/28/2005 11:35 AM

Yeah, I was thinking about that. I'm guessing that the stress is slowly winding up in the system. If there's no "weak link" then I'd say that the teeth on final gear would fail first because that's where the highest stress concentration is.

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The Engineer
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#3
In reply to #2

Re:What does that do to the torque?

03/28/2005 11:55 AM

See I was thinking it would be the first gear. I assuming all of the gearboxes have some give, that is to say if the last one stops moving and stress starts to build, the next gearbox down will take on some of that stress, so on an so forth until it gets to the first gear, which doesn't have anything to pass the stress onto except the motor. So maybe the motor would break? I have no idea, but it's bothering me.

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#4
In reply to #3

Re:What does that do to the torque?

03/28/2005 1:16 PM

You're correct in the mechanism, but remember that as the stress begins to build up the line, the stress on the fixed end grows also, at a much higher rate. That's why I'm pretty sure that end will fail first.

I'll tell you what, let's agree to meet at the MIT museum half a billion years from now and take some measurements :-)

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The Engineer
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#5
In reply to #4

Re:What does that do to the torque?

03/28/2005 1:34 PM

Sounds good. I'll get to work on my time machine, you figure out how to handle the Morloks.

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#6
In reply to #4

Re:What does that do to the torque?

05/12/2005 12:30 PM

I agree with you and I think the motor and first several gear sets will wear out long before anyone has to worry about stress cracks. I would like to see the motor on the other end. How much larger would the motor have to be to even turn the last gearset at 1 rpm, and if it is even possible, would the final shaft turn at a speed faster that the speed of light?

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