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Length of Human Generation?

08/13/2010 2:47 PM

What is the average time length of a human generation? Or let's say we have a large number of birth certificates, and each has the mother's and father's age at the time of the birth of the newborn. What would be the average age of all those parents? I'm sure this number, call it generation length (GL), varies with geographical place, culture, race, era, and other characteristics. I'm curious about the GL for a number of situations. In particular, I'd like to know what it is now in America for the white economically-average people. I'd also like to know what it was in Europe about 200 years ago. (I want to estimate the number of ancestors someone has. 2 parents + 4 grandparents + 8 great grandparents, and so on. I need to estimate the overlap, and, of course the GL.) Typically, in population calculations, people often use 20 years for GL. Does anybody have any (links to) recent scientific studies on this? ~~ Nehmo

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#1

Re: Length of Human Generation?

08/13/2010 3:30 PM

From this Wikipedia article:

It is important to distinguish between familial and cultural generations. A familial generation is defined as the average time between a mother's first offspring and her daughter's first offspring. The generation length is 25.2 years in the United States as of 2007[2] and 27.4 years in the United Kingdom as of 2004[3].

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#3
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Re: Length of Human Generation?

08/13/2010 5:04 PM

That would not be the average I would want because it would be weighted to the low side being concerned with *first* offspring. However, I still would be interested in those figures.

~~ Nehmo

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#2

Re: Length of Human Generation?

08/13/2010 4:34 PM

For as long as I can remember, a "generation" has been regarded as 30 years. This does not necessarily take into account how young women have children, but is regarded as a grouping of people by ages.

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#12
In reply to #2

Re: Length of Human Generation?

08/14/2010 9:36 AM

I think maybe a "generation" is subject to people's opinions. It's always been my understanding that a generation is in 25 year intervals.

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#14
In reply to #12

Re: Length of Human Generation?

08/14/2010 12:25 PM

well that is my number too.. but it is interesting to read this thread, and find out all the variations.

I just became a grandfather a couple of weeks ago, so at the moment, I'm generationally average. (yes, a whole baby)

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#15
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Re: Length of Human Generation?

08/14/2010 1:08 PM

Congratulations.

That picture you have there must either be a very old one or you're a very young grandfather. Otherwise, we all want your secret to eternal youth.

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#16
In reply to #15

Re: Length of Human Generation?

08/14/2010 1:23 PM

The Secret!

I had the foresight to choose parents with young-looking genes!

(if only I had chosen wealthy ones too, that would have been better. )

thank you.

chris

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#17
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Re: Length of Human Generation?

08/14/2010 4:37 PM

Neither money nor good looks brings happiness. You should go for inner peace. Don't ask me how to find it.

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#19
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Re: Length of Human Generation?

08/14/2010 5:39 PM

I have innner peace... CR4!

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#20
In reply to #16

Re: Length of Human Generation?

08/14/2010 6:05 PM

This is a false temporary happiness.

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#4

Re: Length of Human Generation?

08/13/2010 5:04 PM

The answer to your question is the same as what is the average age a woman has her first child. Which would change do to cultural reason to in different places.

In the USA that average was about age 21 in 1970. Today its up to over 25 years.

Here is a link to some of thoses changes in the USA.

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db21.pdf

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#5
In reply to #4

Re: Length of Human Generation?

08/13/2010 5:07 PM

*first* child average age of mother is not the average of all. Maybe I can't really get the number. I have to estimate it.

~~ Nehmo

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#7
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Re: Length of Human Generation?

08/13/2010 11:01 PM

that can't be quite right, because the average size of families is 2.2 children as I recall... so it will be the number you mention, plus the average difference in age of the other 1.2 average children. approximately.

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#11
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Re: Length of Human Generation?

08/14/2010 4:42 AM

Thank God I've got a 1.0 whole child now. Would he be a 0.998 child if he lost a finger? My wife and I would like a daughter so does that mean I can start looking forward to a 0.1.....0.2.....0.3 child as pregnancy develops? regards, Leon.

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#13
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Re: Length of Human Generation?

08/14/2010 12:23 PM

no. you are just being non-average.

was I coming across as a statistician or something? I'm not even very good at math. ha.

thanks.

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#21
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Re: Length of Human Generation?

08/16/2010 8:10 AM

Average age of the children is not involve. Its first born to first born. I actuality it's the mothers age at the birth of the first daughter. We guys don't give birth so we don't count in the fact. Since we know our gender is out numbered a little your 2.2 is cut in half. maybe to 1.2. Then it's chance whether first born is male or female whats that about 50/50. You factor that up its still the average age of the mothers giving birth to their first born.

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#22
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Re: Length of Human Generation?

08/16/2010 9:59 AM

That is a really good explanation.

So it would make a difference depending on what country you're from. If average age for giving birth to a child in the Philippines is 17 then each generation there would begin every 17 years.

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#6

Re: Length of Human Generation?

08/13/2010 8:18 PM

The number you want is the age of the father at the birth of each son and the age of the mother at the birth of each daughter. Collect perhaps 10 000 data and run a mean. You'll come up with something in the low 30s for men and high 20s for women. It has been so for some time. Here's a link for Eskimos. Interestingly, some genealogists ignore the gender of the children when computing this. It depends on your application, I suppose.

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#8

Re: Length of Human Generation?

08/14/2010 12:41 AM

Not agree,the average age at death is called the generation period.

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#9
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Re: Length of Human Generation?

08/14/2010 12:44 AM

double not agree.

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#18
In reply to #8

Re: Length of Human Generation?

08/14/2010 5:21 PM

The best logical way to define the generation is to divide every century (100 years) into 4 equal period(25 years each) and then we call each of these 25 years "Generation".

Copy Right --- j.Valentino

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#23
In reply to #18

Re: Length of Human Generation?

08/16/2010 1:16 PM

There is a good book, "Generations, the History of America's Future, 1584 to 2069" by William Strauss and Neil Howe (written before the 1990 elections). They discuss what might be called cultural generations, and they say history goes in four-generation, 80 year, cycles. It's a thick book and hard to summarize, but they made interesting predictions. They predicted that in the early years of the 21st century, as the wise old veterans of WW-2 are dying out, we would elect a president who had no combat experience who would get us into something really stupid, like a war with the Third World and/or economic collapse.

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#27
In reply to #23

Re: Length of Human Generation?

08/17/2010 5:06 PM

we would elect a president who had no combat experience who would get us into something really stupid, like a war with the Third World and/or economic collapse.

Well,the next war will be with the Third World thread inside the USA.

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#10

Re: Length of Human Generation?

08/14/2010 3:38 AM

Its 33yr for a generation

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#24

Re: Length of Human Generation?

08/17/2010 8:38 AM

Hi Nehmo,

I have been researching my family tree for many years and I have had a look at the ages of the parents of each of a lot of my ancestors. The figures I have come up with are as follows, based on an average age of each parent for all children listed. The numbers available are relatively quite small for statistical purposes, especially before 1700 and after 1900, but it may give you a guide.

Average Generation Gap1736 to 181531.6
Average Generation Gap1815 to 189931.7
Average Generation Gap1900 to 198033.6

Sorry about the size of the table below

NamesBirthplaceYear of BirthFatherMotherFather's BirthMother's BirthChilds Year of BirthFather's Age at BirthMother's Age at BirthAverage of Parents Ages
James LeggattSuffolk, Framlingham29-Oct 1760William LeggattTabitha Wright174217361760182421
John LeggattSuffolk, Framlingham13-Oct 1762William LeggattTabitha Wright174217361762202623
Nathan LeggattSuffolk, Framlingham27-Apr 1764William LeggattTabitha Wright174217361764222825
Tabitha LeggattSuffolk, Framlingham30-Jan 1766William LeggattTabitha Wright174217361766243027
David LeggattSuffolk, Framlingham??-??? 1768William LeggattTabitha Wright174217361768263229
William LeggattSuffolk, Hacheston11-Jan 1770William LeggattTabitha Wright174217361770283431
Joseph LeggattSuffolk, Framlingham22-Oct 1772William LeggattTabitha Wright174217361772303633
Esther LeggattSuffolk, Framlingham27-Jun 1776William LeggattTabitha Wright174217361776344037
Isaac LeggattSuffolk, Framlingham?2-Sep 1791David LeggattLucy Pottle176817701791232122
Joseph LeggattSuffolk, Framlingham?30-Sep 1794David LeggattLucy Pottle176817701794262425
James LeggattSuffolk, Framlingham24-Nov 1795David LeggattLucy Pottle176817701795272526
Mary LeggattSuffolk, Framlingham?30-Sep 1796David LeggattLucy Pottle176817701796282627
Elizabeth LeggattSuffolk, Framlingham?12-Jan 1799David LeggattLucy Pottle176817701799312930
William LeggattSuffolk, Framlingham?30-Apr 1801David LeggattLucy Pottle176817701801333132
James LeggattSuffolk, Framlingham?16-Jun 1803David LeggattLucy Pottle176817701803353334
Timothy GaleSuffolk, Framlingham??-??? 1805Timothy GallEsther Leggatt177617761805292929
Esther LeggattSuffolk, Framlingham?16-Apr 1805David LeggattLucy Pottle176817701805373536
John LeggattSuffolk, Framlingham?3-Jul 1807David LeggattLucy Pottle176817701807393738
David LeggattSuffolk, Framlingham?24-Jul 1808David LeggattLucy Pottle176817701808403839
John LeggettSuffolk, Framlingham?29-Apr 1811David LeggattLucy Pottle176817701811434142
John DallengerSuffolk, IpswichAbout 1813James LeggattSusan Dallenger176017791813533443.5
Nathan LeggattSuffolk, Framlingham11-Jan 1814David LeggattLucy Pottle176817701814464445
Average Generation Gap1736 to 181531.6
James LeggattCanada, Quebec??-??? 1819Joseph Leggatt ?Lucy ?179417981819252123
Mary Ann FriendSuffolk, Parham7-Sep 1823Enoch FriendElizabeth Leggatt178617991823372430.5
William LeggattCanada, Quebec??-??? 1823Joseph Leggatt ?Lucy ?179417981823292527
Susan WoodsSuffolk, FramlinghamBefore 1825James LeggattMary Woods176017841825654153
William FriendSuffolk, Parham??-??? 1825Enoch FriendElizabeth Leggatt178617991825392632.5
Mary LeggattKingstone U. Canada??-??? 1826Joseph Leggatt ?Lucy ?179417981826322830
James FriendSuffolk, Parham??-??? 1828Enoch FriendElizabeth Leggatt178617991828422935.5
Francis FriendSuffolk, Parham18-Jan 1829Enoch FriendElizabeth Leggatt178617991829433036.5
Sarah LeggattIreland, Athlone??-??? 1830Joseph LeggattLucy ?179417981830363234
James LeggattSuffolk, Framlingham??-??? 1830James LeggattElizabeth Cook180318021830272827.5
Easter FriendSuffolk, Parham??-??? 1831Enoch FriendElizabeth Leggatt178617991831453238.5
David LeggettSuffolk, -??-??? 1831John LeggateFrancis Rend181118101831202120.5
Nathan LeggattSuffolk, Framlingham??-??? 1832James LeggattElizabeth Cook180318021832293029.5
Lucy LeggattScotland, Edinbboro??-??? 1833Joseph LeggattLucy ?179417981833393537
John LeggattSuffolk, Framlingham??-??? 1833John LeggateFrancis Rend181118101833222322.5
Ann FriendSuffolk, Parham13-Jun 1834Enoch FriendElizabeth Leggatt178617991834483541.5
Mary LeggattSuffolk, Framlingham??-??? 1834David LeggettHarriet Whoney180818061834262827
Elizabeth FriendSuffolk, Parham30-Aug 1835Enoch FriendElizabeth Leggatt178617991835493642.5
Frances LeggettSuffolk, Framlingham??-??? 1835John LeggateFrancis Rend181118101835242524.5
David LeggattSuffolk, Framlingham??-??? 1835James LeggattElizabeth Cook180318021835323332.5
Lucy FriendSuffolk, Parham??-??? 1837Enoch FriendElizabeth Leggatt178617991837513844.5
Mary LeggattSuffolk, Framlingham18-Dec 1837James LeggattElizabeth Cook180318021837343534.5
David FriendSuffolk, Parham??-??? 1840Enoch FriendElizabeth Leggatt178617991840544147.5
Joseph LeggattJamaica, Muroontown??-??? 1840Joseph LeggattLucy ?179417981840464244
Joseph LeggettSuffolk, Framlingham30-Jan 1840John LeggateFrancis Rend181118101840293029.5
John LeggateSuffolk, Framlingham??-??? 1840John LeggateFrancis Rend181118101840293029.5
John LeggattSuffolk, Framlingham??-??? 1840James LeggattElizabeth Cook180318021840373837.5
Lucy LeggattSuffolk, Framlingham??-April 1841David LeggettHarriet Whoney180818061841333534
William LeggateSuffolk, Framlingham20-Sep 1843John LeggateFrancis Rend181118101843323332.5
David LeggettSuffolk, Framlingham12-Apr 1848David LeggettHarriet Whoney180818061848404241
Mary Ann Or Marian FriendSuffolk, Parham??-??? 1850William FriendMary Ann182518271850252324
William FriendSuffolk, Parham??-??? 1852William FriendMary Ann Or Marian182518271852272526
David FriendSuffolk, Parham6-May 1855William FriendMary Ann Or Marian182518271855302829
Harriet LeggattSuffolk, Framlingham??-??? 1856David LeggattHannah183518321856212422.5
Anna Maria FriendSuffolk, Parham6-Sep 1858William FriendMary Ann Or Marian182518271858333132
Alice LeggattSuffolk, Framlingham??-??? 1860David LeggattHannah183518321860252826.5
Robert FriendSuffolk, Parham1-Sep 1861William FriendMary Ann Or Marian182518271861363435
Mary Anne FriendSuffolk, Parham??-??? 1863David FriendSarah Ann184018381863232524
Louisa FriendSuffolk, Parham??-??? 1864William FriendMary Ann Or Marian182518271864393738
George FriendSuffolk, Parham??-??? 1865David FriendSarah Ann184018381865252726
Elizabeth LeggattSuffolk, Framlingham??-??? 1865David LeggattHannah183518321865303331.5
David FriendSuffolk, Parham??-??? 1868David FriendSarah Ann184018381868283029
William FriendSuffolk, Parham23-Oct 1870David FriendSarah Ann184018381870303231
William John LeggattLondon, Newington8-Mar 1870William LeggattEliza Jarratt184318531870271722
James Alfred HurleyLondon, Rotherhithe??-??? 1871James HurleyJane184418451871272626.5
Elizabeth FriendSuffolk, Parham6-Apr 1873David FriendSarah Ann184018381873333534
Charles FriendSuffolk, Parham??-??? 1873David FriendSarah Ann184018381873333534
Anne E. LeggattSurrey Bermondsey-St. Olave??-Mar 1873William LeggattEliza Jarratt184318531873302025
Gertrude C. FriendSuffolk, Ipswich??-??? 1873William FriendEliza185218531873212020.5
George HurleyLondon, Rotherhithe??-??? 1875James HurleyJane Hurley184418451875313030.5
Anna FriendSuffolk, Kesgrave??-??? 1875William FriendEliza185218531875232222.5
Lucy FriendSuffolk, Parham??-??? 1876David FriendSarah Ann184018381876363837
Eliza LeggattSurrey Bermondsey??-Mar 1876William LeggattEliza Jarratt184318531876332328
Jane HurleyLondon, Bermondsey??-??? 1877James HurleyJane Hurley184418451877333232.5
Harriet Ann LeggattSuffolk, Melton??-??? 1877David LeggettSarah184818531877292426.5
Louisa FriendSuffolk, Hasketon??-??? 1877William FriendEliza185218531877252424.5
Lucy Maria LeggattSuffolk, Melton??-??? 1878David LeggettSarah184818531878302527.5
Richard FriendSuffolk, Parham??-??? 1879David FriendSarah Ann184018381879394140
Frances E. LeggattSurrey Bermondse??-Mar 1879William LeggattEliza Jarratt184318531879362631
Thomas ? HurleyLondon, Bermondsey??-??? 1880James HurleyJane Hurley184418451880363535.5
William David LeggattSuffolk, Melton??-??? 1880David LeggettSarah184818531880322729.5
William FriendSuffolk, Hasketon??-??? 1880William FriendEliza185218531880282727.5
Annie HurleyLondon, Bermondsey??-??? 1883James HurleyJane Hurley184418451883393838.5
Louisa B. LeggattSurrey, Bermondsey30-Nov 1884William LeggattEliza Jarratt184318531884413136
Rose HurleyLondon, Bermondsey??-??? 1886James HurleyJane Hurley184418451886424141.5
Alice Elizabeth LeggattSurrey, SouthwarkMar 1891James LeggattAlice Maud Mary Kennard186118671891302427
Alfred Joseph J. LeggattSurrey, St. Olave??-Mar 1892William LeggattEliza Jarratt184318531892493944
James W. Leggatt?Surrey, SouthwarkMar 1893James LeggattAlice Maud Mary Kennard186118671893322629
Henry Alfred LeggattSurrey, Southwark1-Apr 1894James LeggattAlice Maud Mary Kennard186118671894332730
Arthur [John ?] LeggattPlace1894William John LeggattEsther Or Eshter ? Gibson187018701894242424
Male LeggattSurrey Bermondsey??-Aug 1896William John LeggattEsther Or Eshter ? Gibson187018701896262626
Esther Elizabeth LeggattSurrey Bermondsey??-??? 1897William John LeggattEsther Or Eshter ? Gibson187018701897272727
Ivy Beatrice LeggattSurrey, Southwark16-Sep 1899James LeggattAlice Maud Mary Kennard186118671899383235
May LeggattPlace1899William John LeggattEsther Or Eshter ? Gibson187018701899292929
Average Generation Gap1815 to 189931.7
John Sydney? LeggattSurrey, Southwark1-Sep 1902James LeggattAlice Maud Mary Kennard186118671902413538
Richard F. Leggatt??-??? 1902William John LeggattEsther Or Eshter ? Gibson187018701902323232
Leonard LeggattLondon, Woolwich1-Dec 1906James LeggattAlice Maud Mary Kennard186118671906453942
Rose Leggatt??-??? 1906William John LeggattEsther Or Eshter ? Gibson187018701906363636
Alfred LeggattSurrey Bermondsey??-??? 1908William John LeggattEsther Or Eshter ? Gibson187018701908383838
Dorothy Victoria M. LeggattLondon, Woolwich13-Jun 1909James LeggattAlice Maud Mary Kennard186118671909484245
Thomas Edward LeggattRotherhythe31-May 1911William John LeggattEsther Or Eshter ? Gibson187018701911414141
Louise LeggattPlace??-??? 1913William John LeggattEsther Or Eshter ? Gibson187018701913434343
NamePlace1923NameName189018961923332730
NamePlace1937NameName191119121937262525.5
NamePlace1939NameName191119121939282727.5
NamePlace1940NameName189419021940463842
NamePlace1941NameName191119121941302929.5
NamePlace1946NameName191119121946353434.5
NamePlace1948NameName191119121948373636.5
NamePlace1951NameName192319271951282426
NamePlace1954NameName192319271954312729
NamePlace1966NameName193919401966272626.5
NamePlace1972NameName193919401972333232.5
NamePlace1979NameName195419561979252324
NamePlace1982NameName195419561982282627
Average Generation Gap1900 to 198233.6

I have left off the more modern names, for privacy purposes, as most of us are still alive, [at the moment]

regards

Paul

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#26
In reply to #24

Re: Length of Human Generation?

08/17/2010 12:48 PM

wow... raw data on cr4 imagine that! ga.

Welcome to CR4!

chris

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#28
In reply to #26

Re: Length of Human Generation?

08/18/2010 11:09 AM

Thanks for the welcome.

I thought the data may be useful if the OP wanted to use their own parameters to work it out but some of the cells have moved left to take up the space of empty ones, still you live and learn.

Also Congratulations on becoming a Grandfather, we are still waiting patiently.

Paul

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#29
In reply to #24

Re: Length of Human Generation?

08/18/2010 11:56 AM

I appreciate you trying to help, but data of a single family is definitely weighted genetically to that line. I want the average for a large segment of the population.

Just guessing, 32 years seems rather high. At 1900 in the US the life expectancy was 50, about what it is in disadvantaged countries today.

And in Europe 200 years ago, people were lucky to get enough to eat. If you lived to 30 you were doing reasonably good. I suppose a generation back then was about 20.

~~ Nehmo

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#30
In reply to #29

Re: Length of Human Generation?

08/19/2010 6:00 AM

Hi Nehmo,

I agree with you about the genetic side of things, following just my male line back 7 generations, the earliest death was aged 75 and the oldest 93, the 93 year old, an agricultural labourer, was born in 1768, although it does seam to be getting less and less.

I think that 32 is probably a lot closer than you may think. As is the case in the third world today, if you lived to 5 (yes, five) you were doing really well. Once past that, you stood a good chance of living to a good age, especially if you weren't wealthy enough to eat too well. Famine and other high mortality events, usually affected the young and old most severely, and they would be too young or too old to effect the average generation period much.

Looking back to about 1800, I feel that the time between each generation is more to do with surviving to reach a child producing age and both parent being able to have children, than life expectancy. If you don't produce children, you won't effect the average generation period and large families were very common, spread over a 20 to 30 year period, thus increasing that average. If someone is the first son, of a first son of a ….first daughter, etc, they may have a generation gap of 20 years or less, but if they were a 10th son, of a 10th son etc. then it may be nearer 40 or even more. The vast majority of people are obviously randomly in between.

I have spent over thirty years looking thro census returns for the English Victorian Period and my family looks very, "average" with respect to size of families. To produce a Statistically accurate figure would be an astronomical amount of work for one person.

Please let me know how you get on or if I can be of any assistance.

If we can get all on CR4 interested in their family histories, and contribute data…….?,

Or you could contact the Society of Genealogists in London, they may know someone who has already done this, or where to look.

The best bet would be to pay a personal visit to their library to ask the librarians. See their web site for details.

http://www.societyofgenealogists.com

Or, if you are too far away, ask a member, like me, to visit.

Also, please excuse my ramblings.

Paul

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#31
In reply to #30

Re: Length of Human Generation?

08/20/2010 12:15 PM

Recently, I had a conversation in which someone, in veiled modesty, proclaimed that she had German royalty, of 200 years ago, in their family tree. I countered with the math that everybody alive has about a 1,000 (2^10 = 1,024 & GL=20yrs) ancestors going back 200 years. Therefore, she had just about everything in her family tree, and millions of people also had royalty back there. The family tree isn't much to brag about. However, the calculations become difficult when the (call it) overlap is introduced. In moder times, in developed countries, incest is discouraged. But this has not always been the case. I'll finish this later. ... Sorry, I have to go. ~~ Nehmo

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#25

Re: Length of Human Generation?

08/17/2010 9:12 AM

I say, I say, I say...BOY! You got it all wrong.

It's 6 feet.

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