These are used in areas where slag and atmosphere are acidic. They are stable to acids but attacked by alkalis. The main raw materials belongs to the RO2 group, ex- silica (SiO2), zirconia (ZrO2) etc.
These are used in areas where slags and atmosphere are either acidic or basic and are chemically stable to both acids and bases. The main raw materials belongs to, but not confined to, R2O3 group. The common examples of these materials are alumina (Al2O3), chromia ( Cr2O3) and carbon.
These are used on areas where slags and atmosphere are basic, stable to alkaline materials but reacts with acids. The main raw materials belongs to the RO group to which magnesia (MgO) is a very common example. Other examples includes dolomite and chrome-magnesia.
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