Measure it's temperature, pressure, flow rate and gas content and do some maths/experimentation.
Trying to get some useful work from it by using one or more of the above.
However as soon as you try to utilise any of these you will effect the performance of the engine.
E.G if you try to use the pressure/flow to drive a generator. Same way as a turbocharger consumes power before it then enhances performance.
Del
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health warning: These posts may contain traces of nut.
exhaust gas can be of auto vehicle, and or from boiler etc.
The fuel from Diesel/petro engine contains thermal energy on account of latent het of left out exhaust gas from combustion used in driving the prim-over. The volume and heat can be worked out for available thermal heat . This can be used to make indirect heating of liquid for bunkering/oil/water etc.,
Here is an example of one of the several ways to calculate the amount of waste heat recoverable of flue gases.
Heat recovery from heat treatment furnace.
In a heat treatment furnace, the exhaust gases are leaving the furnace at 900°C, at the rate of 2100 m³/hour. The total heat recoverable at 180°C final exhaust can be calculated as:
Q = V * rho * Cp * delta T
Q = Heat content, in kCal/hour.
V = Is the flowrate of the substance, in m³/hour.
Rho = is the Density of the flue gas, in kg/m³.
Cp = Is the Specific Heat of the substance, in kCal/kg °C.
(It can be taken for flue gas a Cp = 0,24 kCal/kg °C)