I've seen (and built) a very simple EDM powered by a 12 volt car battery and consisting of a multi-layer coil of 14-10 gauge wire somewhere in the range of 50-70 feet wrapped around a 3/4 inch piece of schedule 40 plastic pipe (lawn sprinkler pipe). Coil length is about 8 inches in my version.
The armature is a piece of 1/2 inch conduit with a plug at one end to hold an electrode.
One end of the coil is connected to the negative terminal of the battery, the other to the electrode. The workpiece is connected to the positive terminal of the battery.
The workpiece and electrode are submerged, usually, in tap water. When the electrical connections are made, the circuit is completed by contact of the electrode with the workpiece. This energizes the coil and pulls the conduit/electrode (C/E) up, breaking the circuit. The C/E then falls under gravity back, making contact with the workpiece and the cycle repeats. It is not fast but one can reliably cut holes in the workpiece regardless of the thickness.
If the electrode is a hollow tube, water can be introduced at the top and used to flush the workpiece out, improving the precision of the hole.
1. I am trying to remember everything I was taught about linear solenoids but I cannot find nor remember is they will automatically center the armature even if it is longer than the length of the coil. Does anyone know?
2. Some linear solenoids use a flywheel diode to limit the emf generated by the coil when the circuit opens. However, flywheel diodes slow the release of the armature, perhaps enough to prevent the system from working properly or, perhaps, just slowing it down to unusable speeds. What do you think?
3. How would you improve this design?
The entire purpose of this exercise is to allow home shop machinists to be able to remove broken taps and drills from their work. Hence the need to keep it simple and inexpensive. I do intend to publish it in my magazine, Model Engine Builder.
Any help gratefully accepted.