A bend that is formed by applying a bending force onto a piece of straight pipe, usually with some form of supporting device to stop the pipe collapsing, and done with the pipe cold, i.e. with no heat applied that might increase the ductility of the material.
The technique is widely used by domestic plumbers, to produce bends in copper water pipe where a 90deg bend is either not desirable or not available.
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Whether or not the pipe can be bent to the desired radius (or angle) depends on the material, diameter, wall thickness, and whether or not some material (dry sand or other temporary filling material) is used to prevent collapse or flattening. When pipe or tube is bent, the outer wall is stretched and the inner compressed and as a result of those opposite and unequal stresses, the pipe or tube tends to flatten or collapse regardless of whether it is done cold or hot.
The safe minimum radius for a given diameter, material, and method of bending depends primarily on the pipe wall thickness. As a general rule, standard weight wrought iron or steel pipe can readily be bent to a radius equal to 3.5 - 4 times the nominal pipe diameter. However, that minimum will vary depending upon the bending method employed and the pipe wall thickness.
A general rule for finding the length of pipe section in the bend is to multiply the radius of the bend by the included angle then multiply that product by the constant 0.01745. The result is the length of the curved section.
SRIDHAR
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Bends on a pipeline
Re: bends on a pipeline
