The major difference it makes is if you want your 3 phase motors to rotate in the proper direction, if you want to synchronize your generators with the grid, if you want your transfer switching to take place without incident, etc., etc.
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“Tell me and I forget. Teach me and I remember. Involve me and I learn.” Ben Franklin.
Serving my time the works had originally it's own power station, it ran reverse to the grid. We were eventually connected to the grid. All the old plants were at 550V, and then we had new plants built running on 433V. Some idiot decided that the new plants should have the "correct" phase rotation. Chaos ensued!
As engineer on a major plant alteration that would merge new in to old I went for "we'll go backwards"! I even had to have switchgear painted different colours because there could be two different voltages next to each other. Red for 550V, Blue 433V.
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The reports of my death are greatly exaggerated.
Well, the Standard of Phase Rotation (Phase Sequence) is usually set by the Electricity Board in any Country for example some one who knows can tell us how it is in UK as declared by the Central Electricity Generation Board (CEGB)
Well, it goes the other way in Liverpool to many other places, according to urban legend...
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"Did you get my e-mail?" - "The biggest problem in communication is the illusion that it has taken place" - George Bernard Shaw, 1856
The main reason is standardization. Three phase SCR controls are phase dependent and will not work without correct phasing. Of coarse three phase motors are reversed by changing any two wires.
Sometimes transformer are used three phase in and then are used as single phase out. You must know how the input phrasing is arranged to prevent overloading a single phase.