Relation of Speed and Torque for Gear and Gearbox Having Same Ration 10:1

Theoretically, output torque = 10x input torque in either case. However, each step of gearing usually reduces efficiency slightly.

Depending upon the type of gear, you can assume about 98% efficiency per mesh. However, a very small pinion driving a very large gear will have lower efficiency than two similar-sized gears in mesh. So a single reduction of 10:1 might have 96% efficiency. Three reductions of 2.15 might have (.98 x .98 x .98) 94% efficiency. (2.15^3 = 10)

Worm gears provide very high ratios in a single mesh, but have a lot of sliding friction, so efficiency is reduced. No free lunches.