VSD = variable speed drive. Basically, it changes the frequency so that motors may be run slower or faster than their nominal speeds. For a chiller, it is one way to achieve partial capacity operation.
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A VFD (variable frequency drive), is the current name you will find with many vendors making these. They are a commodity item, very affordable, and purchased off the shelf. The motor must be a 3phase, in the case of AC motor system. You could implement same with DC motor and velocity controller.
What is it your trying to control in the chiller, suction pressure to control evaporator temperature? If so, a pressure transducer is used as input to VSD. If pressure too low, motor is slowed down, if pressure is too high motor is sped up. But I'm just guessing what your wanting to control.
components? lets see... you can find wires, diodes, capacitors, resistors, memory chips,, etc. this forum is far from the best place to educate yourself on such a complex piece of equipment. I strongly suggest you stay away from it and consult someone who knows what they're doing to perform any work on it.
VSD is a generic term that just means Variable Speed Drive. There are many different types of VSD, both mechanical, hydraulic and electrical, so without further information the discussion is pure conjecture.
Even if we narrow it down to electrical only, there is still no way to know if it is AC or DC. Then even if we eliminate DC, there are still a half dozen or so technologies used in AC machines.
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