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Join Date: Dec 2013
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CT Output

12/10/2013 4:07 AM

IF you have a CT (1000/5A for instance)which is seeing a greater load than it's rating, and instead of 5amp it is giving an 8amp output how would this affect the CT and the meter readings.

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#1

Re: CT output

12/10/2013 6:48 AM

IMO this CT needs to be replaced.

Read what the CT specs are. Like 1000/5 and Max current. As long as the core doesn't saturate you will measure. When this is a continuous load, the CT might get hot and fail. Read about your specific CT and act according the instructions.

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#2

Re: CT Output

12/10/2013 8:42 AM

CTs are pretty unique in electrical gear. Why? Their nameplate rating values is not their real rating.

CTs have a rating known as "RF", which means "rating factor". Different terms are used by different manufacturers. However the gist is...

The "RF" of a CT is used to indicate its thermal and core saturation values (as explained to me by one of the manufacturers).

A CT marked with 400 amps and a RF if 1.5 can safely handle 600 amps before meetings it's thermal and core saturation threshold. A CT marked 400 amps with a RF of 1.25 can handle 500 amps. Most CTs I have seen fall in the "1" to "1.5" RF range.

Why they are marked this way is a good question. More than likely... it is because loading on the services that CTs measure, by times, are not absolute values and can and does swing considerably, yet for only short durations.

To your question... as long as the currents seen are below the maximum value... they will work as expected.

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#3

Re: CT Output

12/10/2013 9:20 AM

Your question is ambiguous because you do not distinguish between primary and secondary loading. In addition to what North of 60 has said, there are two distinct loads on a CT.

The primary sees the load that it is measuring, the secondary sees the burden on its windings; therefore you can overload a CT by either pushing too much (load) current through its primary, or asking it to supply too much (burden) current from its secondary. Each of these alone will affect the accuracy of its reading, but in combination the errors will be compounded.

So, if you are getting 8A on the secondary because you know you are measuring 1,600 Amps, then your CT is responding properly. But if you know it's seeing 2,000 Amps then you are operating to the point of causing overheating because the burden exceeds its rating and/or you are beyond the knee of the saturation curve.

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#4

Re: CT Output

12/10/2013 1:06 PM

Further, if the CT is reading +60%, then the conductor passing through it will also be around +60%, which may mean that it is running hot and ready to fail. If so, then the circuit protective device needs attention for it is not giving the fire prevention function that the facility's insurance company might reasonably expect and in the event of a fire, the Loss Adjuster will visit in an attempt to reduce the insurance company's losses ideally towards zero.

Further, if the CT is transmitting +60%, then the equipment reading the transmitted current is +60% over-range. If so, then the reading will not be accurate, which makes investigating the above paragraph very difficult.

So it's time to stop worrying about the CT in itself and concentrate instead on removing the larger headache, which is that the system is currently well overloaded and ideally requires isolation and de-energising until it has been reconfigured to the point where it can be re-energised safely. For that to take place, hire a qualified local Electrical Engineer.

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#5

Re: CT Output

12/11/2013 12:31 AM

Rated primary current of Current Transformer is an optimum value of primary current at which, error of the CT are minimum and losses in the CT are also less, that means performance of the CT is best with optimum heating of the transformer. Likewise Rated Secondary Current of Current Transformer is the value of secondary current on which the CT is designed to perform best.

However, there is always some difference in expected value and actual value of output of an instrument transformer in the form of current error and phase angle error in CT, as because primary current of current transformer has to contribute the excitation component of CT core.

Accuracy class of current transformer is the highest permissible percentage composite error at rated current.

Instrument Security Factor (ISF) of current transformer is defined as the ratio of instrument limit primary current to the rated primary current. The instrument limit primary current of metering CT is the value of the primary current beyond which CT core becomes saturated.

For protection current transformer, the ratio of accuracy limit primary current to the rated primary current is called Accuracy Limit Factor (ALF) of current transformer.

If in the design and procurement stage the CT is selected considering the required ISF and ALF there will not be any damage neither to the CT nor the instruments/ relays connected as burden to the CT.

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#6

Re: CT Output

12/11/2013 8:47 AM

If the RF factor of the CT is 1.5 then the maximum amperage would be 7.5 and the 8 amp output is beyond design specifications.

This condition will not yield incorrect readings and will result in failure of the CT sooner or later.

Not sure why you are experiencing this but apparently the circuit is either overloaded or you have the wrong size CT.

Either way failure is imminent and I suggest you correct the issue(s) before you let all the smoke out of the CT and or the switchgear/metering panel.

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