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Filtering Harmonic Currents

01/15/2014 11:57 PM

Hello all,

This problem has been driving me nuts for two weeks now, and I'm hoping someone can help me solve it.

I am attempting to design a filter for an SMPS to bring its harmonic current levels into the spec required by our customer. The spec is complicated, but any harmonic below 10mA per harmonic is considered passing. I have eight harmonics that are past that point (3,7,9, and 15-23 Odd) but only by 5mA on the third, and less on all the others.

I have been around the internet and googled for days, and the simplest common approach seems to be a passive shunt filter tuned for the frequency of the harmonic you are trying to remove. The simplest is basically an LC filter from line to Neutral (with an R in series to widen the bandwidth a bit). This is a single tuned filter, and the one I tried first to get my feet wet.

Can anyone explain why this would work? I don't seem to intuitively get it. I understand how this would filter out a voltage harmonic, but not a current harmonic. My intuition tells me that putting a low impedance circuit in parallel with the device drawing harmonic current would if anything increase the current being drawn from the source at that frequency.

I tried simulating the circuit, modeling each of these harmonics as a current source in parallel at the frequency, amplitude, and phase shift of the recorded harmonics. I placed a resistor in parallel with the current sources to cover the fundamental, and when I hooked it up to the simulated AC supply, I can see the same current waveform (rich in harmonics) I see in the lab. When I added the parallel shunt filter in series it did not improve the harmonics.

I built the circuit in the lab, and it made the harmonic it was tuned for worse (as expected).

Richard Feynman said "the test of all knowledge is experiment", but I'm finding it hard to believe that every source I have found is wrong. Much more likely I've missed something or done something dumb.

Incidentally, just placing an inductor in series with the power supply clears up the harmonics, however it has to be huge (~70mH), be able to pass more than 250mA RMS without saturating, and behave nicely at the zero crossings (read small hystersis in the B-H curve). I was able to build this using large series/parallel combinations of MPP core inductors, but that introduced as many problems as it fixed once we started trying varying loads, input voltage tolerances and a host of other issues. Not to mention the fact that these specs make building it as a single inductor basically impossible.

The SMPS draws up to about 250mA RMS at 115VAC 400Hz (single phase of a generator, yes 400Hz is the fundamental). If I can get this working It will have to work for several of these supplies in series, plus I will have to make provisions to prevent it from absorbing harmonics from any other noisy equipment on that phase. But I can deal with those details once I figure out why the basic core concept doesn't seem to work.

Any help would be greatly appreciated, thanks in advance!

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#1

Re: Filtering harmonic currents

01/16/2014 12:52 AM

So what your saying is that your working on an avionic system, right? Sorry, but you don't run across 400Hz in everyday trouble-shooting.

And anybody that would suggest any solution to your problem would be foolish with out having the component sitting there on the bench staring them in the face.

Dan

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#3
In reply to #1

Re: Filtering harmonic currents

01/16/2014 1:21 AM

If it's true this is for avionics, then the conducted emission specification he's using is not per any approval authority that requires the use of RTCA DO160(), but I guess a customer (airframer) can make up their own PMA requirements. DO-160F has gotten pretty tight with power factor correction. As well power on surge currents for use with solid state circuit breaker systems.

To the original poster, what are your regulatory requirements for this SMPS?

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#4
In reply to #3

Re: Filtering harmonic currents

01/16/2014 1:31 AM

You have know idea the red tape and BS, even if your a licensed repair station. And what reference are you going to sign off with? I know as a QC inspector, I won't buy it and may even follow up with criminal (Federal) charges against you! I will not put up with anything less than safe for my family or the flying public that entrust their lives in my hands and will take what it takes to ensure that they're are safe!

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#5
In reply to #4

Re: Filtering harmonic currents

01/16/2014 3:08 AM

Please quit foaming at the mouth, and correct three spelling/grammar errors.

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#2

Re: Filtering harmonic currents

01/16/2014 12:54 AM

I can see your "return to service, "IAW Joe blow/golbalspec/CR4 and found to be airworthy"

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#6

Re: Filtering Harmonic Currents

01/16/2014 8:50 AM

I find it fascinating that you refer to the requirements for equipment on on airplane as "red tape and BS" in a post where you are raving under the implication that I would wire something up based only on the word of a forum post and attempt to put it in the air.

If you did know the requirements for air worthiness, you would know that I'm not the only one working on this, and that months of testing lay ahead for any solution that is proposed to ensure the safety of everyone involved.

All I asked for was a clarification of a concept.

I would like to request a moderator to lock this thread. I don't think there is anything useful to be gained here.

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#7

Re: Filtering Harmonic Currents

01/16/2014 11:25 AM

Define "...huge (~70mH)". Is there a size/weight issue you need to deal with?

Have you considered active filtering vice passive?

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#8

Re: Filtering Harmonic Currents

01/16/2014 11:51 AM

Without the design specifications and schematics to analyze, I would not hazard even a guess how to solve your problem. I will say that 1/4 ampere of passed RMS current should not be a problem. I will say that it is obvious that you possess insufficient theory in filter design. If you did then you would know that the attenuation magnitude of the harmonics will determine how many poles will be needed in your filter design. I suspect that you are inadvertently trying to build a filter with much to high of a Q.

You may also have a coupling problem with the SMPS. If the SMPS is not shielded or the wrong style of inductor are used in it, then coupling to your filter inductors can bypass your filter. (Think of an AM antenna.)

You also should use the wide input voltage range a SMPS gives you to your advantage.

If my suggestions cleared out some cobwebs and reminded you of some skills you have not used in a long time, that's great. I wish you the best in hunting down your problem. If my suggestions baffle you even more, hire an analog designer.

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#9

Re: Filtering Harmonic Currents

01/16/2014 3:42 PM

I think your SMPS needs to be redesigned or needs a proper replacement approach, because it seems not to supply adequate or enough quality power. Are you working on the supply itself? In that case please correct me if I say that the filter(s) necessary in a SMPS to just reduce the harmonics are not correctly designed, not for your specific load.

To get involved deeper in your query, more specifics are definitely required: type of load, other instruments on that load, nature of load(s)

Working on filters (behind the supply) will affect the supply itself as is now.

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#10

Re: Filtering Harmonic Currents

01/17/2014 11:00 AM

"placing an inductor in series with the power supply clears up the harmonics, however it has to be huge (~70mH), be able to pass more than 250mA RMS without saturating"

You apparently know nothing about inductors. First, 70mH is not huge. second, the larger the value, the more likely to saturate. Third, wire size and core material are the main factors for saturation. If the inductor solves the problem then go with it.

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#11
In reply to #10

Re: Filtering Harmonic Currents

01/17/2014 12:23 PM

And the inductor good for the 3rd will probably also kill the higher harmonic content.

The inductor parasitic capacitance will also need to be carefully controlled since it will create a resonant circuit.

Lots of luck - you have plenty of experimenting and testing to do.

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