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Over the past few years I've learned to appreciate beer as one would appreciate wine. I love discovering unique craft beers and supporting local breweries. After visiting and touring several breweries, I've come to realize that making beer is as much a science as it is an art. While I've talked about beer before, I haven't addressed the many nuances that go into making beer.

Image Credit: Beernexus.com
There's no way I could talk about all the different parts of beer in one post: if you're interested I could start a series similar to the Popular Science: BeerSci column, but today we're going to talk about froth.
Froth, foam, head; all terms used to describe the bubbles that sit on top of a beer when it's poured. Foam is one of the areas beer connoisseurs look for when evaluating a beer. It's important for not only aesthetics, but also for locking in the aromas which define the personality of the beer. The foam is tiny carbon dioxide bubbles and micobubbles. Tall and tick froth foams on ales and "lighter" beers, while a smooth, creaming foam appears on stouts and "darker" beers. Proteins in the yeast keep the bubbles stabilized and supported, preventing them from dissolving into the beer too quickly. Scientists from Spain and Australia made the discovery and explained that protein from the barley and yeast used to make beer
An article was recently published which explained the part of the protein which was responsible for lifting the foam and prevent it from dissolving. This foam-making gene is named CFG1(Carlsbergensis foaming gene 1) and is similar to other yeast genes found in other types of alcoholic beverages (wine and sake). CFG1 was isolated from Saccharomyces pastorianus and its function is to encode the cell wall protein.
The consequence of this discovery is that future beer may have pro

longed and more robust aroma. Since foam is already a natural occurrence in beer, many local and small scale breweries take pride in the head they've created for their beers. That being said, this discovery will probably be used by large production breweries that have the resources and the need to make their beers look and smell better. When the researchers deleted the CFG1 gene, the foam on the resultant beer was greatly reduced--great news for beer drinkers who view a big foam head as a waste of space in the glass where beer could go.
Image Credit: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
Resources
BeerSci: How to Make Beer Foamier
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